ELECTION LAW

REPORT
Outline:

I. CAMPAIGN AND ELECTION

PROPAGANDA

A. Concept

B. Nomination

C. Campaign Period
D. Election Propaganda

1. Lawful Election Propaganda

i. Examples
ii. Limitations
iii. Requirements

2. Equal Access to Media Time and Space

3. Regulation of Volume
4. Regulation of Location
5. Affirmative Action by COMELEC
6. Right to Reply
7. Restrictions on Media
E. Election Surveys and Exit Polls
1. Information Required to be Published
therein
2. Availability for COMELEC Scrutiny
3. Publication Period

F. Rallies and Other Political Activity

II. ELECTORAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND

EXPENDITURES
A. Definitions
1. Contribution
2. Expenditure
3. Person
B. Prohibited Contributions
1. Soliciting or Receiving Contributions
from Foreign Sources
2. Prohibited Raising of Funds
3. Prohibited Donations
C. Expenditures
1. Lawful Expenditures
2. Persons Authorized to incur Election
Expenditures
3. Authorized Expenses of Candidates and
Political Parties
4. Statement of Contributions and
Expenditures
 ELECTION CAMPAIGN

Candidate any person aspiring for or

seeking an elective public office.

Election campaign or Partisan

Political Activity an act designed to
promote the election or defeat of a
particular candidate or candidates to a
public office
 Acts for the purposes of soliciting votes or
undertaking against a candidate:
1.) Forming organizations, associations, clubs,
committees
or other groups of persons.
2.) Holding political caucuses, conferences,
meetings,
rallies, parades or assemblies.
3.) Making speeches, announcements or
commentaries,
or holding interviews against the election of
any
candidate
4.) Publishing or distributing campaign
literature or materials designed to support or
oppose the election of any candidate
5.) Directly or indirectly soliciting votes,
pledges or support against a candidate
Nomination and Selection of Official Candidates:

a) For President, V-President & Senators 165 days before

election day
b) For Members of House of Representatives & elective
provincial, city & municipal officials 75 days before
election day

Validity of Restrictions:

R.A. 4880 - It shall be unlawful for any political party,

political committee, or political group to nominate candidates
for any elective public office voted for at large earlier that 150
days immediately preceding an election and for any other
elective public office earlier than 90 days immediately
preceding an election.
 Person/s Prohibited Acts Basis

Any person (a) Removal, destruction, obliteration, or in any manner Sec. 40, 1978
defacement of or tampering with lawful propaganda EC
(b) Prevention of the distribution of lawful election
propaganda
Candidate/Political (a) Giving or accepting, directly or indirectly, free of
Party/Other charge, transportation, food or drinks or things of
Person value during the five (5) hours before and after a
public meeting, on the day preceding the election, and
on the day of the election
(b) Giving or contributing, directly or indirectly, money or
things of value for such purpose
Members of the Engaging in any partisan political activity; taking part in Sec. 173, BP 881
Board of Election the election except to discharge their duties as such
Inspectors and to vote

Officers/employees Engaging directly or indirectly in any Electioneering or Sec. 2(4), Art. IX-
of the civil partisan political campaigns B, Const.
service
Members of the Engaging directly or indirectly in any partisan political Sec. 5(3), Art.
military activity except to vote XVI, Const.
Foreigners, whether (a) Aiding any candidate or political party, directly or Sec. 81, BP 881
judicial or indirectly; or
natural person (b) Taking part in/influencing in any manner any
election; or
(c) Contributing or making any expenditure in
connection with any election campaign or partisan
Lawful Propaganda:
(a) Pamphlets, leaflets, cards, decals, stickers or other written or printed materials
not exceeding 8 in width and 14 in length;

(b) Handwritten or printed letters urging voters to vote for or against any particular
candidate;
(c) Cloth, paper or cardboard posters, whether framed or posted area not
exceeding 2 by 3

except that, streamers not exceeding 3 feet by 8 feet in size, shall be allowed
at:

the site and on the occasion of public meeting or rally,

in announcing the holding of said meeting or rally

that said streamers may be displayed 5 days before the date of the meeting or
rally and shall be removed within 24 hours after said meeting or rally;

(d) Paid advertisements in print or broadcast media

(e) All other forms of election propaganda not prohibited by the Omnibus Election
 Limitations:
Election propaganda whether on:
Television
Cable Television
Radio
Newspaper
any other medium

Allowed for all:

Registered political parties
national, regional, sectoral parties or organizations
under party-list
Bonafide candidates for national & local elections
Subject to:
the limitation on authorized expenses of candidates & political
parties
the limitation on observance of truth in advertising
to the supervision & regulation by COMELEC
 Removal, destruction or defacement of lawful election propaganda
prohibited.

It shall be unlawful for any person during the campaign period to

remove, destroy, obliterate, or in any manner deface or tamper with,
or prevent the distribution of lawful election propaganda.

Requirements for published or printed election propaganda.

Any published or printed political matter for or against a candidate

or group of candidates to any public office shall bear and be
identified by the words "paid for by" followed by the true and correct
name and address of the payor and by the words "printed by"
followed by the true and correct name and address of the printer.

Fair Election Practices Act

R.A. 9006 An act to Enhance the Holding of Free, Orderly, Honest,

Peaceful and Credible Elections through Fair Election Practices.
 Requirements for Published or Printed & Broadcast
Election Propaganda
Identification:
o Any newspaper, posters, pamphlets or any published or
printed political matter
o Any broadcast of election propaganda by television or radio
Free Label:
o If the broadcast is given free of charge by the radio or
television station
o It must be identified by airtime for this broadcast was provided
free of charge by then followed by true & correct name &
address of the broadcast entity
Donations:
o Print, broadcast or outdoor advertisements donated to the
candidate or political party
o Shall not be printed, published, broadcast or exhibited without
the written acceptance by the said candidate or political party
o Written acceptance attached to the advertising contract &
submitted to the COMELEC
 Prohibited forms of election propaganda. - It shall be unlawful:
(a) To print, publish, post or distribute any poster, pamphlet, circular,
handbill, or printed matter urging voters to vote for or against any
candidate unless they bear the names and addresses of the printer and
payor as required in Section 84 hereof;
(b) To erect, put up, make use of, attach, float or display any billboard,
tinplate-poster, balloons and the like, of whatever size, shape, form or
kind, advertising for or against any candidate or political party;

(c) To purchase, manufacture, request, distribute or accept electoral

propaganda gadgets, such as pens, lighters, fans of whatever nature,
flashlights, athletic goods or materials, wallets, shirts, hats, bandanas,
matches, cigarettes and the like, except that campaign supporters
accompanying a candidate shall be allowed to wear hats and/or shirts or
T-shirts advertising a candidate;

(d) To show or display publicly any advertisement or propaganda for or

against any candidate by means of cinematography, audio-visual units or
other screen projections except telecasts which may be allowed as
hereinafter provided; and

(e) For any radio broadcasting or television station to sell or give free of
charge air time for campaign and other political purposes except as
authorized in this Code under the rules and regulations promulgated by
the Commission pursuant thereto.
Regulation of Election Propaganda through Mass Media:

a.) COMELEC shall promulgate rules & regulations regarding the sale of air time for partisan
political purposes during campaign periods.

To insure equal time as to duration & quality at the same reasonable rates or given free of
charge to effectively enforce the limitation of expenditures by candidates
To ensure that stations shall not allow the scheduling of any program or permit any sponsor to
manifestly favor or oppose by unduly or repeatedly referring to said candidate in such program.

b.) All contracts for advertising in any form of publication promoting or opposing the candidate for
public office before its implementation be registered by said publication with the COMELEC.

c.) No franchise or permit to operate a radio or television station shall be granted or issued,
suspended or cancelled during the election period.

Any radio or television station, including that owned and controlled by the government, shall
give free of charge of equal time.

COMELEC shall supervise the use & employment of press, radio & television facilities to give
candidates equal circumstances to make known their qualifications & their stand on public
issues.
Election Surveys:

Refer to the measurement of opinions & perceptions of the

voters towards candidates popularity, qualifications,
platforms or on public discussion related to election,
including voters preference for candidates & publicly
discussed issues during campaign period.

Survey with raw data gathered for conclusion shall be

available for inspection, copying & verification by the
COMELEC, reasonable fee for the costs will be charged.

Surveys affecting national candidates shall not be published

15 days before election

Surveys affecting local candidates shall not be published 7

days before election.
Equal access to Media Time and Space:
The requirement of free time for candidates is a valid exercise of
the plenary police power of the state to promote the general
welfare, for the following reasons:

All broadcasting is licensed by the government, & the franchise

is always subject to amendment, alteration or repeal by
Congress when common good requires.

COMELEC does not take over the operation of radio &

television stations, but only the time allocated.

There are substantial distinctions in the characteristics of the

print media towards broadcast media which justify its different
treatment accorded to each for purposes of freedom of speech.
 Regulation of Volume:
o Print advertisements:

Broadshe page 3x a
et week
Tabloid page 3x a
week
o Broadcast advertisements:

For national elective office whether by purchase or

donation, is entitled to not more than:
120 minutes of television advertisement
180 minutes of radio advertisement.

For a locally elective office:

60 minutes of television advertisement
90 minutes of radio advertisement
Regulation of Location:

COMELEC may authorize:

o Political parties & party-list groups to erect common

poster areas for their candidates in not more than 10 public
places like plaza, markets, brgy. Centers & others.

Poster areas shall not exceed 12 x 16 feet

o Independent candidates with no political parties to erect

common poster areas in not more than 10 public places

Poster areas shall not exceed 4 x 6 feet

o Posting on private property any lawful propaganda

material with owners consent

o Posting on public places or property allocated equitably

and impartially among the candidates
Affirmative action by COMELEC:
Procurement by COMELEC of free space and airtime
o Print Space
Upon payment of just compensation
From at least 3 national newspapers of general circulation wherein
national candidates can announce their candidacies.
Such space shall be allocated free of charge equally and impartially
among all candidates for national office

o Free Airtime
From at least 3 national television networks & 3 national radio networks
Allocated free of charge equally and impartially among all candidates for
national office
o Sponsored debates
COMELEC may require national television & radio networks to sponsor
at least 3 national debates among presidential candidates
1 debate shall be scheduled within the 1st & 2nd week of the campaign period
st

2nd debate shall be scheduled within the 5th & 6th week of the campaign period
3rd debate shall be scheduled within the 10th & 11th week of the campaign
period
at least 1 national debate among vice presidential candidates
o Sale of Airtime
Sponsoring television or radio network may sell airtime for commercials
and advertisements to interested advertisers & sponsors
COMELEC shall promulgate rules & regulations for the holding of such
debates
 Right to Reply:
a.) Who All registered parties and bona fide candidates
b.) Against charges published against them
c.) How
o Reply shall be given publicity by the newspaper, television & radio station which first printed or
aired the charges
o With the same prominence or in the same page or section or in the same time slot

COMELEC Supervision
o Scope
In all instances
COMELEC shall supervise the use & employment of press, radio & television facilities
Insofar as the placement of political advertisements is concerned

o Purpose
Ensure that candidates are give equal circumstances to make known their qualifications and their
stand on public issues
Within the limits set fourth in the BP 881 & RA 7166 on election spending

Regulation
o COMELEC shall ensure that radio & television or cable television broadcasting entities shall not allow:
scheduling of any program
Permit any sponsor to manifestly favor or oppose any candidate or political party in such program

o But respecting in all instances the right of said broadcast entities to air accounts of significant news or
news worthy events and views on matters of public interests.
 Restrictions on Media

No franchise or permit to operate a radio or television station shall

be granted or issued, suspended or cancelled during election
period. (Sec. 6.4, RA 9006)

Any mass media columnist, commentator, announcer,

reporter, on-air correspondent or personality who is a
candidate for any elective public office or campaign volunteer for
or employed or retained in any candidate or political party shall be
deemed resigned, if so required by their employer, or shall take a
leave of absence from his/her work as such during the campaign
period. Any media practitioner who is an official of a political party
or a member of the campaign staff of a candidate or political party
shall not use his/her time or space to favor any candidate or
political party.(Sec. 6.6, RA 9006)

No movie, cinematograph of documentary portraying the

life or biography of a candidate shall be publicly exhibited in a
theater, television station or any public forum during the campaign
period. (Sec. 6.7)

No movie, cinematograph or documentary portrayed by an

actor or media personality who is a candidate shall be
publicly exhibited in a theater or any public forum during the
campaign period. (Sec. 6.8)
Election Surveys and Exit Polls

Election Surveys- are the measurement of opinions and perceptions of the

voters as regards a candidates popularity, qualifications, platforms or a
matter of public discussion in relation to the election, including voters
preferences for candidates or publicly discussed issues during the
campaign period.

Information Required to be Published therein

Name of person, candidate, party or organization who

commissioned or paid for the survey;
Name of person, polling firm or survey organization who
conducted the survey;
Period during which the survey was conducted, the
methodology used (number of individual respondents and
areas where they are selected) and specific questions asked;
Margin of error of the survey
Margin of error of a specific question, if its margin of error is
greater than the margin of error of the survey in (4)
Mailing address and telephone number with indication if it is
an address or telephone number at which sponsor can be
contacted to obtain a written report regarding the survey

Availability for COMELEC Scrutiny

The survey together with raw data gathered to support its conclusion
shall be available for inspection, copying and verification by the
COMELEC or by a registered political party or bona fide candidate, or
by any COMELEC accredited citizens arm. A reasonable fee
sufficient to cover the costs of inspection, copying and verification
may be charged.
 Publication Period
Surveys affecting national candidates shall not be
published fifteen (15) days before an election and
surveys affecting local candidates shall not be published
seven (7) days before an election.

Exit polls may only be taken by the Pollsters with the

requirement not to conduct their surveys within 50 meters
from the polling place, to wear distinctive clothes, that they
shall inform the voters that they may refuse to answer &
the result of the exit polls maybe announced after the
closing of the polls stating that the same is unofficial &
clearly identify the number of respondents & places taken.
 Rallies, meetings and other political activities. - Subject to
the requirements of local ordinances on the issuance of permits,
during the campaign period:

Receipt of permits to hold meetings, rallies and other similar

political activities must be acknowledged in writing and shall
be immediately posted in a conspicuous place in the city or
municipal building within 3 days after the filing thereof.

Public rally. - Any political party or candidate shall notify the

election registrar intends to organize and hold in the city or
municipality, and within 7 working days thereafter submit to the
election registrar a statement of expenses incurred in connection
therewith.

Transportation, food and drinks. - It shall be unlawful for any

candidate, political party, organization, or any person to give or
accept, free of charge, directly or indirectly, transportation, food or
drinks or things of value during the 5 hours before and after a
public meeting, on the day preceding the election, and on the day
of the election; or to give or contribute, directly or indirectly,
money or things of value for such purpose.

Comelec space. - The Commission shall procure space in at least

one newspaper of general circulation in every province or city.
 Comelec poster area.
COMELEC shall designate and provide for a common poster in strategic
places
allocated free of charge, equally and impartially among all the
candidates

Comelec time.
COMELEC procures radio and television time to be known as "Comelec
Time" allocated equally and impartially among the candidates within the
area of coverage
to provide radio television time, free of charge, during the period of the
campaign.

Comelec information bulletin.

COMELEC shall cause the printing, and supervise the dissemination of
bulletins to be known as "Comelec Bulletin"
such size as to adequately contain the picture, bio-data and program of
government of every candidate.
bulletin shall be disseminated to the voters or displayed in such places
as to give due prominence thereto.
Any candidate may reprint at his expense, any "Comelec Bulletin" upon
prior authority of the Commission:
That the printing of the names of the different candidates with their bio-
data must be in alphabetical order irrespective of party affiliation.
 Contribution - includes a gift, donation, subscription, loan,
advance or deposit of money or anything of value, or a
contract, promise or agreement to contribute, whether or not
legally enforceable, made for the purpose of influencing the
results of the elections

but shall not include services rendered without

compensation by individuals volunteering a portion or all of
their time in behalf of a candidate or political party.
include the use of facilities voluntarily donated by other
persons, the money value of which can be assessed based
on the rates prevailing in the area.

Expenditure - includes the payment or delivery of money of

anything of value, or a contract, promise or agreement to make
an expenditure, for the purpose of influencing the results of the
election.

include the use of facilities personally owned by the

candidate

Person - includes an individual, partnership, committee,

association, corporation, and any other organization or group of
persons.
Prohibited contributions:

No contribution for purposes of partisan political activity shall be made directly or indirectly by any of the
following:
Public or private financial institutions: Provided, however,
however, That nothing herein shall prevent the making
of any loan to a candidate or political party by any such public or private financial institutions legally in
the business of lending money, and that the loan is made in accordance with laws and regulations in the
ordinary course of business;

Natural and Juridical persons operating public utility or in possession of or exploiting any natural
resources of the nation;

Natural and juridical persons who hold contracts or sub-contract to supply the government or any of its
divisions, subdivisions or instrumentalities, with goods or services or to perform construction or other
works;

Natural and juridical persons who have been granted franchises, incentives, exemptions, allocations or
similar privileges or concessions by the government of any of its divisions, subdivisions or
instrumentalities, including government owned or controlled corporations;

Natural and juridical persons who, within one year prior to the date of election, have been granted loans
or other accommodations in excess of P 100,000 by the government or any of its divisions, subdivisions
or instrumentalities including government-owned or controlled corporations;
 Educational institutions which have received grants
of public funds amounting to no less than P 100,000;
Officials or employees in the Civil Service, or
members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines; and
Foreigners and foreign corporations.
It shall be unlawful for any person to solicit or receive
any contribution from any of the person or entities
enumerated above.

SOLICITING OR RECEIVING CONTRIBUTIONS FROM

FOREIGN SOURCES

It shall be unlawful for any person, including a

political party of public or private entity to solicit or
receive, directly or indirectly, any aid or contribution,
government or entity for the purpose of influencing
the results of election
1.) PROHIBITED RAISING OF FUNDS:

It shall be unlawful for any person to hold: (Sec. 97, BP 881)

Dances
Lotteries
Cockfights
Games
Boxing
Bouts
Bingo
Beauty contests
Entertainments
Cinematographic, theatrical or other performance

2.) Or for any person or organization, whether civic or religious , directly or

indirectly, to solicit or accept from the following person:

Candidate for public office

Candidates campaign manager, agent or representative, or any person
acting on their behalf any of the following:
Gift
Food
Transportation
Contribution; and
Donation
Illustrative Cases: (Faelnar v. People, GR Nos. 140850-51, 331 SCRA 429, May
4, 2000)

FACTS:
Eugenio Faelnar filed his certificate of candidacy for the position ofbarangay
chairman during the 1997 barangay elections in Cebu. One day after filing such
certificate (april 9), a basketballtournament was held in the sports complex
dubbed as, 2nd Jing-Jing Faelnars Cup which lasted until April 30, 1997. This
gave rise to a complaint for electioneering against petitioner and Gillamac filed
by Antonio Luy. It was alleged that it was actually a form ofcampaign done
outside the official campaign period which should start on May 1, 1997.

1. that there was a streamer bearing the name of petitioner placed at the faade
of the venue.
2. petitioners name was repeatedly mentioned over the microphone.
3. it was widely published in the local news paper.
4. a raffle sponsored by Gillamac was held with home appliances as prize.

It was investigated by the election officer and it was dismissed by the COMELEC
en banc, But on motion of the complaint the COMELEC reconsidered its decision
and ordered the filing of the necessary information against petitioner, and he was
formally charged in the RTC. The judged denied his motion to quash. Petitioner
filed a petition for certiorari in the Supreme Court. Held: The petition should be
denied, since the petition is nothing but an attempt to circumvent a final
resolution of the COMELEC. The resolution was promulgated on October 29,
1998. Petitioners remedy was to seek its annulment by way of Certiorari under
Rule 65 of the Rules of Court in relation to Rule 64 providing that a judgment or
final order of the COMELEC may be brought by the aggrieved party to the
Supreme Court on Certiorari under Rule 65, Sec. 3 provides that such petition
shall be filed within thirty (30) days from notice of the resolution. No such
petition was ever filed.
Prohibited Donations:

No candidate, his or her spouse or any relative within the second civil degree of
consanguinity or affinity, or his campaign manager, agent or representative shall
during the campaign period, on the day before and on the day of election, directly
or indirectly, make any donation, contribution or gift in cash or in kind or
undertake or contribute to the construction or repair of roads, bridges,
schoolhouses, puericulture centers, medical clinics and hospitals, churches or
chapels, cement pavement or any structure for public use or for the use of any
religious or civic organization; Provided, That normal and customary religious
dues or contributions, such as religious stipends, tithes or collections on Sundays
or other designated collection days, as well as periodic payments for legitimate
scholarships established and school contributions habitually before the prohibited
period, are excluded from the prohibition.(Sec. 104, BP 881)

The same prohibition applies to treasurers, agents or representative of any

political party.(Sec. 63, 1978 EC)

It is also unlawful for domestic and foreign corporation to give donation,

contribution or gift, directly or indirectly, in cash or in kind for the purpose of
aiding any political party or candidate or any partisan political activity which
would influence the election during the campaign period, before the day of
election and on the day of election. (Sec. 36, Corpo. Code)

A candidates giving a check in the amount of P 200 for the repair of a visita
and furnishing posts, galvanized iron, and cement for the construction of a
school, indicates more of public spirit than of venal intent. (Angeles v.
Rodriguez, 46 Phil. 595, GR No. L-22257, December 3, 1924)

A promise by a candidate that if elected, he will donate his salary for the
education of indigent but deserving students, is not prohibited by election
law.(Collado v. Alonzo, 15 SCRA 562, GR No. L-23637, December 24,1965)
Expenditures
1. Lawful Expenditures (Sec. 102, BP 881)
No candidate or treasurer of a political party shall, directly or indirectly, make any
expenditure except for the following:

For travelling expenses of the candidates and campaign personnel in the

course of the campaign and for the personal expenses incident thereto;
For compensation of campaigners, clerks, stenographers, messengers, and
other persons actually employed in the campaign;
For telegraph and telephone tolls, postage, freight and express delivery
charges;
For stationery, printing and distribution of printed matters relative to
candidacy;
For employment of watchers at the polls;
For rent maintenance and furnishing of campaign headquarters of meetings;
For political meetings and rallies and the use of sound systems; lights and
decorations during said meetings and rallies;
For newspaper, radio, television and other public advertisements;
For employment of counsel, the cost of which shall not be taken into account
in determining the amount of expenses which a candidate or political party
may have incurred, under Sections 100 and 101 hereof;
For copying and classifying list of voters, investigating and challenging the
right to vote of persons registered in the list the costs of which shall not be
taken into account in determining the amount of expenses which a candidate
or political party may have incurred under Section 100 and 101 hereof; or
For printing sample ballots in such color, size and maximum number as may
be authorized by the commission and the cost of such printing shall not be
taken into account in determining the amount of expenses which a candidate
or political party may have incurred under Sections 100 and 101 hereof. (Sec.
53, 1978 EC)
2. Persons authorized to incur election expenditures

No person, except the candidate, the treasurer of a political party or any person authorized by such candidate
or treasurer shall make any expenditure in support of or in opposition to any candidate or political party.
Expenditures duly authorized by the candidate or the treasurer of the party shall be considered as
expenditures of such candidate or political party.

The authority to incur expenditures shall be in writing; copy of which shall be furnished the Commission signed
by the candidate or the treasurer of the party and showing the expenditures so authorized, and shall state the
full name and exact address of the person so designated. (Sec. 54, 1978 EC)

3. Authorized Expenses of Candidates and Political Parties.

The aggregate amount that a candidate or registered political party may spend for election campaign shall be
the following:
a.) For candidates
President P10.00
Vice-President P 10.00
Other Candidates:
With political party or with support from political party P3.00
Without political party or without support from political party- P5.00

b.) For political parties P5, for every voter currently registered in the constituency or constituencies
where it has official candidate.
4. Statement of Contributions and Expenditures: Effect of Failure to File Statement.

Every candidate and treasurer of the political party shall, within thirty (30) days after the day of
the election, file in duplicate with the offices of the Commissions the full, true and itemized
statement of all contributions and expenditures in connection with the election.

No person elected to any public office shall enter upon the duties of his office until he has filed
the statement of contributions and expenditures herein required.

The same prohibition will apply if the political party which nominated the winning candidate fails
to file the statement required herein with the period prescribed by this Act.

Except for candidates for elective barangay office, failure to file the statement or reports in
connection with sectoral contributions and contributions as required herein shall constitute an
administrative offense for which the offenders shall be liable to pay an administrative fine
ranging from One Thousand Pesos (P 1,000.00) to Thirty Thousand pesos (P
30,000.00), in the discretion of the Commission.

The fine shall be paid within thirty (30) days from receipt of notice of such failure: otherwise,
it shall be enforceable by a writ of execution issued by the Commission against the properties of
the offender.

It shall be the duty of every city or municipal election registrar to advise in writing, by personal
delivery or registered mail, within five (5) days from the date of election all candidates residing
in his jurisdiction to comply with their obligation to file their statement of contributions and
expenditures.

For the commission of a second or subsequent offense under this section, the administrative fine
shall be from Two thousand pesos (P2, 000.00) to Sixty thousand pesos (P 60,000.00), in
the discretion of the Commission. In addition, the offender shall be subject to perpetual
disqualification to hold public office. (Sec. 14, RA 7166)

The requirement to file the statement of contributions and expenditures covers not only to
candidates who pursued his campaign but even those who withdrew as candidates after having
filed their certificates of candidacy because the law does not distinguish, courts should not
distinguish.
THANK YOU