Chng 6

TH TRNG LAO NG
1. Nng sut
2. Cu lao ng
3. Cung lao ng
4. Th trng lao ng cn bng
5. Tht nghip

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 1. Nng Sut
Nng sut phn nh lng hng ho v
dch v m mt cng nhn sn xut ra
trong mi gi lao ng.
Nng sut ng vai tr then cht trong
vic nh ra mc sng ca mt nc
Qu trnh xem xt mi quan h gia mc
sng v nng sut mi ch l bc khi
u
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 1. Nng Sut
Cc yu t quyt nh nng sut
T bn hin vt

Vn nhn lc

Ti nguyn thin nhin

Tri thc cng ngh tn ti

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 1. Nng Sut
Hm sn xut
Hm sn xut cho bit cc nhn t sn xut quyt nh mc
sn lng c sn xut ra nh th no
Y = A.f (L, K, H, N)
Y biu th sn lng
L biu th lng lao ng
K l khi lng t bn hin vt
H l khi lng vn nhn lc
N l khi lng ti nguyn thin nhin
A l bin s phn nh trnh cng ngh sn xut hin
c
f( ) l mt hm biu th cch kt hp cc u vo sn
xut ra sn lng
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 1. Nng Sut
c tnh ca hm sn xut
Phn nh mi quan h cng chiu gia sn
lng u ra v cc yu t u vo c
s dng

Sn phm bin ca mi yu t u vo s
c xu hng gim dn khi chng ta s
dng ngy cng nhiu yu t trong iu
kin cc yu t khc khng i5
 1. Nng Sut
Vi gi thit cc yu t: K, N, A, . . . khng
i th hm sn xut phn nh mi quan h
gia sn lng u ra v lng lao ng c
s dng: Y = f (L)
Y
Y = f(L)
Y0
Y1

0
L1 L0 L
ng biu din hm sn xut 6
 2. Cu Lao ng
Cu lao ng l s n v lao ng m cc doanh
nghip c kh nng thu v sn sng thu ti mt
mc tin lng thc t nht nh.

ng cu lao ng phn nh s n v lao ng m

cc doanh nghip mun thu ti cc mc tin lng
khc nhau

ti a ha li nhun, doanh nghip s thu lao ng cho

ti khi sn phm cn bin ca lao ng ng bng tin lng
thc t:
Wr = MPL (wr = wn / P)
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 2. Cu Lao ng
Wn/P

MPL

0
L
ng cu lao ng

ng MPL l mt ng i xung phn nh

qui lut nng sut bin lao ng gim dn.
ng MPL chnh l ng cu lao ng, cc
doanh nghip s thu ngy cng nhiu lao
ng khi tin lng thc t ngy cng
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gim
 2. Cung Lao ng
Cung lao ng l s ngi sn sng chp nhn
cng vic ti mt Wr nht nh

ng cung lao ng phn nh mi quan h

gia s ngi sn sng chp nhn cng vic vi
cc mc tin lng thc t khc nhau.
Wn/P
SL

0
L
ng cung lao ng 9
4. Th Trng Lao ng Cn Bng
Th trng lao ng t trng thi cn bng
khi cu lao ng bng cung lao ng

Nn kinh t khng c tht nghip khng t

nguyn v n t mc sn lng tim nng

Trng thi ny cn c gi l trng thi

ton dng nhn cng
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4. Th Trng Lao ng Cn Bng

Wr

SL

Wr 0

DL
0
L0 L
Cn bng cung cu lao ng

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 5. Tht Nghip
Tht nghip v o lng tht nghip
Phn loi tht nghip
T l tht nghip t nhin
Chnh sch cng cng v tm kim vic lm
Bo him tht nghip
Lut tin lng ti thiu
Cng on v thng lng tp th
L thuyt tin lng hiu qu
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 5. Tht Nghip
5.1 Tht nghip v o lng tht nghip
L tng s ngi trong lc lng lao ng khng c
vic lm
Lc lng lao ng = S ngi c vic lm + S ngi
tht nghip

T l tht nghip = (S ngi tht nghip/ Lc Lng

lao ng) x 100

Qui m tht nghip ca nn kinh t lun c s bin

ng theo thi gian
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 5. Tht Nghip
5.2 Phn loi tht nghip
Phn theo ngun gc tht nghip
Tht nghip tm thi
Tht nghip c cu =>
Tht nghip chu k

Phn theo tnh cht ca tht nghip

Tht nghip t nguyn
Tht nghip khng t nguyn
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 5. Tht Nghip
5.2 Phn loi tht nghip

Wr D cung lao ng
= tht nghip SL
Tin
lng
ti thiu

Wr 0

DL
0
L0 L
Tht nghip do tin lng trn mc cn bng

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 5. Tht Nghip
5.3 T l tht nghip t nhin
L t l tht nghip khi th trng lao ng
cn bng
Nn kinh t mc tht nghip t nhin tc l
c cng n vic lm y v mc sn lng
W L
cn bng. r F

SL

A
Wr 0 B

DL
0
L0 L
T l tht nghip16t nhin
 5. Tht Nghip
5.3 T l tht nghip t nhin
% lc
lng L
T l tht nghip
10
8
6
4
T l tht nghip t nhin
2

0 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

T l tht nghip t nm 1969 ti M

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 5. Tht Nghip
5.3 T l tht nghip t nhin
T l tham gia lc
lng L

100
Nam
80

60

40 N
20

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1998

T l tham gia lc lng lao ng ca nam v n t 1950

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 5. Tht Nghip
5.3 T l tht nghip t nhin
T l tht nghip c phn nh ci m chng ta mun
tm khng?

Ngi tht nghip khng c vic lm trong bao lu?

V sao lun c 1 s ngi tht nghip?

Tm kim vic lm

V sao 1 s tht nghip tm thi l khng trnh khi?

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 5. Tht Nghip
5.4 Chnh sch cng cng v tm kim vic lm

Chnh sch cng cng

Thng tin v vic lm mi v s cng nhn hin c
c truyn i cng nhanh chng => to cu ni
gia cng nhn v doanh nghip

Nu chnh sch c th lm gim thi gian ngi

cng nhn tht nghip cn c tm c vic lm
mi => c th ct gim t l tht nghip t nhin

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 5. Tht Nghip
5.4 Chnh sch cng cng v tm kim vic lm

Tm kim vic lm: thng qua 2 chng

trnh ca chnh ph
Cc vn phng gii thiu vic lm

Chng trnh o to

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 5. Tht Nghip
5.5 Bo him tht nghip
L 1 chng trnh ca chnh ph lm tng
lng tht nghip tm thi, mc d khng
phi mc tiu a ra

Chng trnh ny c thit k tr gip

cng nhn nhm bo v h mt phn khi b
mt vic.

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 5. Tht Nghip
5.5 Bo him tht nghip

Hn ch:
Ngi tht nghip dnh t n lc tm
kim vic lm v mun trnh cc vic lm
km hp dn.

Cng nhn t c nguyn vng tm kim s

bo m vic lm khi h thng lng vi
gii ch v iu kin lao ng
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 5. Tht Nghip
5.6 Lut tin lng ti thiu

Lm nh hng quan trng n

mt s nhm ngi c t l tht
nghip c bit cao

C th c s dng tm hiu
mt s nguyn nhn khc gy ra
tht nghip c cu
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 5. Tht Nghip
5.6 Lut tin lng ti thiu

Phi hiu ti sao lut tin lng ti

thiu khng phi l lng cao hn
mc ti thiu m lut php quy nh

Lut tin lng ti thiu hu nh ch

p dng cho cc i tng l thnh
vin t kinh nghim v k nng nht
trong lc lng lao ng
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 5. Tht Nghip
5.6 Lut tin lng ti thiu
Tin lng
D cung lao ng = Cung v
tht nghip lao
Tin lng ng

ti thiu
WE

Cu v
lao ng

0
LD LE Ls Lng lao ng

Tht nghip do tin lng b mc trn mc cn bng

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 5. Tht Nghip
5.7 Cng on v thng lng tp th

Cng on l mt hip hi cng nhn thng

lng vi ch v tin lng v iu kin lao
ng

Trc y cng on ng vai tr ln hn

nhiu trong th trng lao ng M

Cc cng on tip tc ng vai tr ln

nhiu nc Chu u
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 5. Tht Nghip
5.7 Cng on v thng lng tp th
Kinh t hc v cng on
Cng on l mt dng cc-ten

Thng lng tp th l qu trnh cng on v

doanh nghip tha thun v cc iu kin lao
ng

Cng on i tin lng cao hn v iu kin

lao ng tt hn so vi mc m doanh nghip
mun khi khng c cng on
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 5. Tht Nghip
5.7 Cng on v thng lng tp th
Kinh t hc v cng on
Cng on lm tng tin lng ln trn mc
cn bng, n lm tng cung v gim cu v lao
ng => tht nghip

Cng nhn trong cng on gt hi ch li ca

thng lng tp th, trong khi cng nhn
ngoi cng on chu mt phn thua thit

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 5. Tht Nghip
5.7 Cng on v thng lng tp th
Cng on c li hay c hi i vi nn
kinh t
Nhm ph phn cng on
Cng on ch l mt dng cc-ten
S phn b lao ng ny sinh t va khng
hiu qu, va khng cng bng
Khng hiu qu bi tin lng cng on cao lm
gim vic lm cc doanh nghip c cng on
xung thp hn mc cnh tranh hiu qu

Khng cng bng bi mt s cng nhn c li nh

s mt mt ca ngi khc 30
 5. Tht Nghip
5.7 Cng on v thng lng tp th
Cng on c li hay c hi i vi nn kinh t
Nhm ng h cng on
Cng on l i trng cn thit chng li
sc mnh th trng ca doanh nghip thu
cng nhn

Cng on c ngha quan trng trong vic

gip cho doanh nghip phn ng mt cch c
hiu qu i vi mi quan tm ca cng nhn

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 5. Tht Nghip
5.8 L thuyt tin lng hiu qu
Doanh nghip s hot ng c hiu qu hn nu tin
lng cao hn mc cn bng

S khc nhau gia cc nguyn nhn lm nn kinh t

phi chu 1 s tht nghip
Lut tin lng ti thiu v cng on ngn cn cc
doanh nghip h thp tin lng khi c tnh trng d
cung v lao ng

L thuyt tin lng hiu qu cho rng rng buc

nh th i vi doanh nghip l khng cn thit
trong nhiu trng hp
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 5. Tht Nghip
5.8 L thuyt tin lng hiu qu

Mt s vn c lin quan
Sc khe cng nhn

Tc thay th cng nhn

N lc ca cng nhn

Cht lng cng nhn

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