Ú 50% of population
follow the Tibetan
Buddhism,
Ú 0% having no religion,
Ú 6% are Shamanist, Baha'i
and Christian,

Baha'I symbol

Shamanism Christianity




 ’ 

Àationality: Mongolian(s).
Population (2008 est.): 2.9 million.
Annual growth rate (2008): 1.5%.
Health (2008): M
  
ÔÔ
1/1,000 (under one year). 

  
ÔÔ67 yrs.
Ethnic groups (200): About 95%
Mongol (predominantly Khalkha); 5%
Turkic (largest group, Kazakh);
Tungusic, Chinese, and Russian.
Languages: Mongolian, Kazakh,
Russian, and English.
Education: 
ÔÔ9
(provided free by the government).
 
ÔÔ98%.
 ^ 
Ú economy is centered on
agriculture and mining.
Ú rich mineral resources, and
copper, coal, molybdenum, tin,
tungsten, and gold account for agriculture
a large part of industrial
production.
Ú 1990sÔ disappearance of
Soviet aid due to the fall of the
Soviet Union accounted for the
closing of many industrial
facilities in Mongolia. mining
Ú ]ollowing decades of stateÔrun enterprise,
the economy began the painful transition to
capitalism; in 2000Ô2002, opposition to
privatization, as well as droughts and other
natural disasters, contributed to a negative
GDP growth.
Ú 200 and 2005Ôgrowth picked up in with
increases of 10.6 percent and 5.5 percent,
due to the high price of commodities (gold
and copper).
Ú currently over 30,000 independent businesses in
Mongolia, chiefly centered around the capital
city. Majority participate in subsistence herding;
livestock typically consists of cows, sheep,
goats, horses, and Bactrian camels. Agricultural
crops include wheat, barley, vegetables, and
other forage crops.

herding
 ’
  
Ú Politics of Mongolia takes place in
a framework of a semiÔ
presidential representative
democratic republic, and of a
multiÔparty system. Executive
power is exercised by the
government. Legislative power is
vested in both the government
and parliament. The Judiciary is
independent of the executive and
the legislature
Ú Mongolians start voting at the age
of 18 with the voting process a
direct, free election. A new
constitution was adopted in
January 1992 that made some
changes in the government, one
being the legislative power of
Mongolia. The Great Hural,
which consists of 76 members, is
the legislative power, with the
delegates being elected every
four years like the head of state's
term. The head of state is the
president, who is elected to a
fourÔyear run in office.
Ú The People's Great Hural, with it's 30 members, had
the state power of Mongolia and usually met two
times each year. Until 1990, the only legal political
party in Mongolia was the Mongolian People's
Revolutionary Party (MPRP), which was a Communist
Party. Things changed when an amendment to the
constitution allowed for oppositional political
parties. Another part of the amendment allowed for a
government run by a president and the institution of
the Small Hural, which had 53 members

Mongolian People's
Revolutionary Party (MPRP),
headquarters
9 ^
 ^
^
9

Ú Government SemiÔpresidential republic

Ú Ô President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj

Ô ’
 

  
 

Ú Mongolia is governed under the constitution of
1992. The president, who is head of state, is
popularly elected for a fourÔyear term and is
eligible for a second term. The government is
headed by the prime minister. The unicameral
legislature consists of the 76Ôseat State Great
Hural, whose members are popularly elected for
fourÔyear terms.

Ulanbatar
government house
Ú ]ollowing legislative
elections, the leader of
the majority party or
majority coalition is
usually elected prime
minister by the
legislature.
Administratively, the
country is divided into 21
provinces and the capital
district.