CHNG 4

TR RING. VECT RING.

CHO HA MA TRN
-----
 Chng 4

Ni dung
1. Tr ring. Vect ring.
2. Khng gian c trng.
3. Vn cho ha mt ma trn vung.
 Chng 4
1. Tr ring. Vect ring:
 Chng 4
 Chng 4
 Chng 4
 Chng 4

V d: 12/197

Bc 1: Lp phng trnh c trng

A- l I = 0

1- l 2 - 2 3- l 2 - 2
- 2 5- l - 2 = 3- l 5- l - 2
- 6 6 - 3- l 0 6 - 3- l
3- l 2 - 2
3- l 0
= 0 3- l 0 = (3 - l )
6 - 3- l
0 6 - 3- l
2
= (3 - l ) (- 3- l ) = 0
 Chng 4
Bc 2: Gii pt c trng:
a) Phng trnh c trng:
2
(3- l ) (- 3- l ) = 0
b) Tr ring, vect ring tng ng:
Bc 3:
Tr ring: l = 3
Vect ring ng vi tr ring l = 3
- 2 2 - 2


- 2 2 - 2 - 2 2 - 2 - 2x + 2x - 2x = 0

- 6 6 - 6 1 2 3

v= = b - a, b, a = a - 1, 0,1 + b 1,1, 0 " a, b R
T T T T
x

1
, x 2
, x 3







Chn a=1 v b=1 ta c 2 - 1, 0,1 1,1, 0
T T
vect ring ng vi tr ring



 Chng 4

Tr ring: l = - 3
Vect ring ng vi tr ringl = - 3
4 2 - 2 4 2 - 2
d3 - 3d2 4 2 - 2
2 0
d + d / 2
- 2 8 - 2
1
9 - 3 0 9 - 3
- 6 6 0 0 - 18 6






v= = a, a, 3a = a 1,1, 3
T T T
x

1
, x 2
, x 3




" a R

1,1, 3
T
Chn a=1 ta c vect ring ng vi tr ring



 Chng 4

Ni dung
1. Tr ring. Vect ring.
2. Khng gian c trng.
3. Vn cho ha mt ma trn vung.
 Chng 4
2. Khng gian c trng:
 Chng 4
 Chng 4

V d: 12/197
Khng gian ring ng vi tr ring l = 3
E (3) = v R | Av = 3v = v R | a
{ 3
} -
{
1, 0,1 + b 1,1, 0


3



T T
}
{
= v R3 | av1T + bv2T }
Cc vec t v1 v v2 c lp tuyn tnh vi nhau, to thnh mt c
s ca khng gian ring E(3). Do s chiu ca E(3) bng 2
hay dim(E(3))=2.
 Chng 4

Khng gian ring ng vi tr ring l = - 3

E (- 3) = v R | Av = - 3v = v R | a
{ 3
} {
1,1,

3


3
T
}
{
= v R3 | av 3T }
Cc vec t v3 c lp tuyn tnh vi nhau, to thnh mt c s
ca khng gian ring E(-3). Do s chiu ca E(-3) bng 1 hay
dim(E(-3))=1.

C th thy rng cc vect v1, v2, v3 c lp tuyn tnh vi nhau.

V vy b ba vect ring ca A to nn mt c s ca KGVT R3.

 Chng 4

Ni dung
1. Tr ring. Vect ring.
2. Khng gian c trng.
3. Vn cho ha mt ma trn vung.
 Chng 4
3. Vn cho ha mt ma trn vung:
 Chng 4
 Chng 4
 Chng 4
 Chng 4
 Chng 4

V d: 12/197
Cc khng gian c trng:

{
E (3) = v R3 | av1T + bv2T }
c:
dim E (3) = 2
v

{
E (- 3) = v R3 | av 3T }
c:
dim E (- 3) = 1

() ( )
Theo nh l 7: dim E 3 + dim E - 3 = 3

suy ra ma trn A cho ha c.

 Chng 4
Cho ha ma trn A:
V A cho ha c, tc l A ng dng vi mt ma trn cho D, nn
tn ti ma trn P kh nghch, sao cho

P - 1AP = D
trong :
- 1 1 1

P=
v , v , v = 0 1 1

1 2 3
1 0 3



3 0 0

D = diag
l , l , l = 0 3 0
1 1 2
0 0 - 3



 Chng 4
Tnh Ak:

( )
P - 1AP P - 1AP K P - 1AP = Dk
1444444444442 444444444443
k
V T = P - 1A PP
{
- 1
A PP
{
- 1
K PP
{
- 1
AP = P - 1 k
A P
I I I
(
V P = diag l 1k , l 2k , K , l mk )
( )
Ak = PDk P - 1 = P diag l 1k , l 2k , K , l mk P - 1
 cng n tp thi cui hc k mn
i S C
Ni dung: Gm 3 chng
Chng 2: nh thc v h phng trnh STT
Hng ma trn
H phng trnh thun nht: Tm nghim tng qut, nghim c s.
Chng 3: Khng gian vect
T hp tuyn tnh. c lp tuyn tnh, ph thuc tuyn tnh.
Khng gian con, c s, s chiu ca khng gian con sinh bi mt
h cc vect.
Ta vect trong c s. Ma trn chuyn c s. H thc lin h
ta vect gia hai c s.
Chng 4: Tr ring. Vect ring. Vn cho ha ma trn
Tr ring. Vect ring. Khng gian c trng.
S cho ha ma trn. Tm ma trn cho trong trng hp cho ha
c.
 Hnh thc thi:
T lun.
Thi phn bi tp. Cn nm l thuyt gii bi tp.