Cardiovascular LBM2

Shidqi Arga Rukmana

 Atherosklerosis dimulai dari infiltrasi LDL ke daerah subendothelial, fi
mana endothelium terpengaruh oleh shear stress.

LDL teroksidasi atau berubah melalui jalan lain, dan LDL yang berubah
mengaktivasi berbagai komponen system imun innate, termasuk
makrofag, antibody, dan protein efektor ( Seperti Protein C- reaktif
dan komplemen).
 Atherosclerosis -> Compliance menurun & Diameter menurun
 Normal physical causes of diaphoresis include physical exertion,
menopause, fever, spicy foods, and high environmental temperature.
Strong emotions (anger, fear, anxiety etc.) and remembrance of past
trauma can also trigger profuse sweating.

The vast majority of sweat glands in the body are innervated by

sympathetic "cholinergic" neurons. Sympathetic postganglionic neurons
usually secrete norepinephrine and are named sympathetic adrenergic
neurons. However, when sympathetic postganglionic neurons innervate
sweat glands they secrete acetylcholine and hence are termed sympathetic
"cholinergic" neurons, the only sympathetic postganglionic neurons known
to secrete acetylcholine instead of norepinephrine
 Isosorbide dinitrate or ISDN for short is a nitrate used
pharmacologically as a vasodilator, e.g. in angina pectoris but also for
anal fissure, a condition which is known to involve decreased blood
supply leading to poor healing. It is also used as a direct vasodilator to
treat congestive heart failure
 Aspirin slows the blood's clotting action by reducing the clumping of
platelets. Platelets are cells that clump together and help to form
blood clots. Aspirin keeps platelets from clumping together, thus
helping to prevent or reduce blood clots.
 Bisoprolol is used alone or in combination with other medications to
treat high blood pressure. Bisoprolol is in a class of medications called
beta blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels and slowing heart
rate to improve and decrease blood pressure
 Sebuah rasa nyeri, dimungkinkan adalah konsekuensi pengeluaran
dari adenosine, bradykinin, dan molekul lain yang menstimulasi saraf
aferen

Typical/Stable angina : Adalah nyeri dada secara episodic dengan

tingkat eksersi yang khusus atau kenaikan kebutuhan ( ex: takikatdi).
Nyeri biasanya digambarkan seperti meremas atau menekan pada
daerah substernal, yang bisa berlanjut ke tangan kiri atau rahang kiri.
 Printzmetal angina : Terjadi pada saat istirahat, dan disebabkan oleh
spasme arteri koronaria. Meskipun, spasme tersebut hanya terjadi di
dekat atau sekitar plak atherosclerosis

Unstable angina : diakrakteristikkan sebagai nyeri yang meningkat,

dipresipitasi oleh eksersi yang progresif menurun, atau bahkan terjadi
pada saat istirahat. Unstable angina berhubungan dengan disrupsi
plak dan thrombosis, embolisasi distal dari trombusm atau
vasospasme