B CNG THNG

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM

MN HC: K THUT QU TRNH V THIT

B 1

TI: PHN RING BNG

PHNG PHP LC

TP. H Ch Minh, ngy 08 thng 3 nm 2017

Sinh vin thc hin:
1. L TH NGC QUYN 2205162049
2. TRNG TH THANH VN 2205162073
3. V TH NGC HIU 2205162011
4. BI TH THANH L 2205162018
5. L GIA YN 2205162077

GVHD: TRN LU DNG

C S L THUYT CA QU TRNH
LC

Lc l qu trnh c thc hin

nh vch ngn lc phn ring
pha lin tc v pha phn tn.
S lc vch ngn c phn ra:
Lc thng dng, vi lc v lc phn
t (siu lc v lc thm thu ngc)
NGUYN TC CA QU TRNH LC

Hnh: Nguyn tc lc
 YU
T Nhit
NH
HNG Chnh lch p sut
N
QU B lc
TRNH
LC
Vt ngn lc
 Nhit

Nhit tng nht gim tc

lc tng
 Chnh lch p sut

P tc lc tng
To ra ng lc ca qu trnh lc bng cc
cch sau: dng p lc ca ct cht lng (p sut
thy tnh); dng my bm hay my nn a
huyn ph vo (lc p sut); dng bm chn
khng ht (lc chn khng)
 Chnh lch p sut

Nu P ln th lp b s b nn cht (th tch gim

xung), cc ng mao qun b thu hp li, lc
tc tng chm hn so vi s tng p sut v
n mc c th gim i, cht lng khng chui qua
c lp lc.
Tuy nhin, khi P tng qu cao th c th lm
rch vi lc v ph v lp vt ngn hon ton
khng c li.
Ty theo phng php lc ta khng ch gi tr P
khc nhau.
 B lc
B lc gm hai loi: nn c v khng nn c.
B khng nn c th cc ht khng b bin dng v
dng tinh th, chng phn b thnh l kch thc
khng i khi ta tng p lc, lng dung dch trong b
hu nh khng thay i.
B nn c th bin dng khi tng p lc lc chng
b nn cht li.
Nu cn xp (cn cha b khng nn c), nht
dung dch thp th tc lc cao.
Nu cn do (kt dnh li thnh khi, cha b nn
c), nht dung dch cao th kh lc.
 B lc

Cht tr lc:
L mt loi bt mn c a vo h tr
cho qu trnh lc. Cht tr lc c nhim v to
thnh trn b mt lc mt lp b b sung lm
tng kh nng gi pha rn v gim tr lc ca
pha lng.
Cc khong cht c s dng lm cht
tr lc ch yu l: Diatomit, Perlit, Ct silic v
khong garnet, Zeolit
 Vt ngn lc

B dy ca vt ngn lc v tnh cht ca n cng nh

hng n tc lc.
Thng th s dng vt ngn lc xp, mng, v d
thay th nh: vi lc, mng xp, t nhn to hay ct
si
 Vt ngn lc

Vt ngn lc c 3 tnh nng c bn:

Gi pha rn cng nhiu cng tt, ng thi tr
lc i vi pha lin tc cng nh cng tt.
S phn b ng u cc l xp (mao dn) trn
b mt vt ngn lc.
Chu c tc ng ca mi trng lc nh:
thm t , bn v p sut, nhit , ha hc,
chy n, iu kin ti sinh b mt lc.
 Vt ngn lc

Vt ngn lc c th s dng di nhiu

dng khc nhau:
Dng ht: ct, , si, than
Dng si: si bng, si ay, si tng hp
Dng tm: kim loi c l
Dng vt xp: s, thy tinh, cao su
 Vt ngn lc

Vt ngn lc c phn loi theo cc du hiu khc nhau:

Theo nguyn tc lc: vt ngn lc b mt gm: giy lc,
vi lc, n, len; cn vt ngn lc su gm: cc lp than,
si, , ct
Theo cu trc: vt ngn un c (c tnh do) v vt
ngn khng un c (c tnh cng).
Theo vt liu ch to: giy, aming, bng, len d, kim
loi
Theo phng php ch to: li an t si, p t cc dng
bt, dt, tm c l
CC THIT B LC
THIT B LC P KHUNG BN
Thit b lc p lm vic gin on, ngha l
huyn ph nhp vo lin tc, nc trong
chy ra lin tc, cn tho b theo chu k.

Cu to: b phn ch yu gm khung v

bn
CU TO KHUNG V
BN CA MY LC P

1. Tay vn
2. Cc gn trn b mt
bn
3. B mt tip xc gia
gn v bn
4. L dn huyn ph
5. L dn nc ra
6. Van tho nc
NGUYN L LM VIC

Huyn ph theo ng vo v phn ra theo

s lng khung trn vo khoang ng, di p
sut nc lc i qua vch ngn lc cc rnh
trn bn 2 chy xung v thng qua van ly
ra ngoi. Pha rn b gi li trn b mt vch
ngn lc v cha trong khung, khi cc khung
y b th dng qu trnh lc v tin hnh
ra b.
Nguyn l hot ng
THIT B LC TI (TAY O)

Thit b lc ti dng lm sch h kh

rn (h bi) vi hiu sut cao nn c
s dng rng ri trong cc lnh vc sn
xut.
Cu to: b phn ch yu ca thit b l
ti lc.
Thit b lc ti thng c dng hnh hp
ch nht, c chia thnh nhiu ngn,
lm vic lun phin theo ch lc v
ch r bi.
TI LC
CCH TNH TON TI LC
- Tng din tch ti lc bi yu cu: F =
Q/(150~180)(m2)
- Din tch ca 1 ti:
Ti trn: f = x D x I(m2)
Ti hp ch nht: f = 2 x (a + b) x l (m2)
S ti trong 1 ngn lc: n = F/f (ly trn)/ (ti).
Vi:
Q Lu lng kh thi cn lc (m3/h)
D ng knh ti lc hnh tr trn (m)
a; b; l Chiu rng, chiu dy v chiu di ti
hp ch nht(m)
THIT B LC TAY O
THIT B LC TAY O
 NGUYN L HOT NG

Kh sch

Hn hp Ca thit b Cc ngn
h bi cha ti lc

Bi

Vt ti vn Khoang C cu
chuyn ra ngoi cha cn rung r bi
u nhc im ca thit b lc ti
a) u im:
- Cng ngh xut ph hp vi c im, tnh
cht ca ngun kh thi;
- Nng kh thi sau x l t
- Cu to n gin.
- Hiu sut lc bi tng i cao.
- Khng gian lp t nh.
b) Nhc im:
- i hi nhng thit b ti sinh vi lc v thit b
r lc.
- bn nhit ca thit b lc thp v thng dao
ng theo m
 MEMBRANE
1. nh Ngha
Phng php phn ring bng membrane hay cn gi phng
php lc mng cho php tch cc cu t ra khi hn hp mc
phn t hoc ion.
Membrane ng vai tr vt ngn phn ring cc cu t.Tuy
nhin, p sut l ng lc duy nht trong k thut membrane.
2. C S Khoa Hc
Hin nay, k thut phn ring bng membrane rt a dng v
c ng dng trong rt nhiu nghnh k thut khc nhau. Trong
cng nghip ch bin sa, bn qu trnh sau c s dng rng
ri:
Thm thu ngc-RO (Reverse Omosis).
Lc nano- NF(Nano Filtration)
Siu lc-UF (Ultra Filtration)
Vi lc-MF (Micro Filtration)
-Mng lc thm thu ngc RO c kch thc
l nh nht nn ch ch cho nc i qua, cn
tt c cc thnh phn khc u b gi li.
-Mng lc nano ch cho nc v ion i qua
-Mng siu lc c kch thc l ln hn nn
cho nc, ion, lactose i qua v ch gi li
protein
-Mng vi lc c kch thc l ln nht nn
cho nc, ion, lactose, protein i qua, cn
nhng ht cu bo b gi li. Mng lc ny
thng c s dng loi b mt lng
nh cht bo cn li sau khi ly tm.
I.Bn cht membrane
1. Vt liu membrane
Trong cng nghip ch bin sa, do c thnh phn cht bo
nn ngi ta thng s dng membrane t nhng vt liu a
nc: cellulose acetate, ceramic
2. Cu trc b mt membrane
Cn chn b mt membrane nhn, ng nht, nhng mao
qun ca chng t b tc nghn trong qu trnh s dng.
3. ng knh mao dn
Nu chn membrane c ng knh mao qun ln hn kch
thc cu t trong nguyn liu cn phn ring th chng d b
tc nghn do mt s cu c th chui vo v b kt li . Ty
thuc vo loi nguyn liu, ngui ta chn membrane c kch
thc mao qun ti u. Khi , qu trnh phn ring s nhanh v
hn ch c cc hin tng tc nghn.
II.Bn cht ca nguyn liu cn phn ring: protein,
lipid, mui, pH.
1.Protein
Cc phn t protein sa c th chui vo mao dn gy
hin tng tc nghn mao dn membrane. Do chng c
cha mt s nhm chc k nc v mt s nhm chc tch
in c th tng tc hoc to phc vi mt s nhm chc
ca membrane.
2.Lipid
Lipid thng to ra mt mng bao ph membrane t
gy nn hin tng tc nghn dng permeate. nn s dng
membrane a nc nh vt liu polyacrylonnitrile ci bin
c gn ln mt s nhm chc a nc. Khi , s tc
nghn dng permeate c hn ch ng k.
3. Mui
Cc mui c trong sa cng l nguyn nhn gy tc nghn
dng permeate. Chng c th kt ta v bm ln thnh mao dn.
Ion Ca2+ lin kt vi mt s nhm chc gia membrane v
protein sa lm gim tc dng permeate. khc phc tnh
trng ny, ta c th tch canxi ra khi sa bng phng php ly
tm, thm in tch, trao i ion.
4.pH
Nu gi tr pH ca nguyn liu sa cn kho st c gi tr gn
bng im ng in ca protein c trong mu th protein ca
sa s b ng t v s tc nghn mao dn s xy ra.Nh vy,
cn chn gi tr pH ca mu cn phn ring lch xa vi gi tr pI
ca mt s cu t protein c trong mu.
3.Tc dng vo v chy ri
Nu bm nguyn liu vo vi tc cao v bn trong c cnh khuy th
hin tng nghn mao mch c hn ch ti a v tc dng permeate
c ci thin ng k.
IV.Cc dng thit b lc membrane
Thit b dng ng
Thit b hnh si
Thit b dng bng tm
Thit b hnh cun xon.
1.Thit b dng ng
Thit b membrane c dng hnh tr, bn trong cha nhiu ng tr nh
t song song nhau, ng knh 12,5-75mm, chiu di 0,6-6,4mm v c
c cc l nh trn thn. Nguyn liu c a vo mt u ca thit b v
c phn phi vo bn trong ca cc ng tr nh.Dng retentate i ht
chiu di cc ng tr nh v thot ra u bn kia ca thit b. Dng
permeate s chui qua cc mao mch membrane thot ra ngoi cc ng tr
nh.
2.Thit b hnh si
iu ch bng thp khng r c dng hnh tr ng knh 2,5-
12,7cm, bn trong c cha b si membrane. Khi hot ng,
sa c bm vo bn trong thit b v chui vo cc si
membrane. Dng membrane chui qua mao dn membrane ri
thot ra ngoi tp trung v ca ra nm trn thn thit b. u
im t tn din tch nh my, t tn nng lng cho qu trnh.
3.Thit b dng bng tm
M hnh bng gm mt tm hai tm m v membrane
c p st vo nhau, cc tm hnh ch nht c dy rt
mng 0,11-0,35 m2 . Cc tm m c cu trc vi xp c p
ct v ph trn b mt tm .Cc membrane c din tch b
mt ng bng vi din tch b mt tm v c t st ln
cc ming m.
4. Thit b hnh cun xon
Thit b gm hai hnh tr cng trc, cng chiu
cao nhng c ng knh khc nhau v c t
lng vo nhau, ch to bng thp khng r. ng
hnh tr nh c c trn thn l ni tp trung
cc cu t ca dng permeate.Nguyn liu c
a vo mt u thn tr v di chuyn dc theo
thn tr bi mt knh c c cu tit din hnh
xon c. Cu t dng permeate s chui qua mao
mch hai membrane i vo knh dn dnh ring
cho chng. T ng tr trung tm, dng permeate
s c tp trung v thot ra khi thit b.