TRNG I HC BCH KHOA TP.

H CH MINH
KHOA K THUT GIAO THNG
K THUT T- MY NG LC
BO CO THUYT TRNH MN HC
THIT K T
ti: H THNG PHANH

GVGD: TS. NGUYN L DUY KHI

NHM 3B
1. NGUYN VN HONG H G1301003
2. NGUYN VN HU G1301127
3. NGUYN HIU DUY G1300586
4. NGUYN HU T G1300788
5. TNG XUN DUY G1300621
NI DUNG
A. C IM V IU KIN LM VIC
B. YU CU
C. PHNG N THIT K
D. THIT K B TR CHUNG
E. THIT K K THUT
F. CNG NGH MI
A. C IM V IU KIN LM VIC

PHANH TANG TRNG

H thng phanh tang trng, hay cn gi
l phanh guc.
H thng m phanh c gn pha
trong ca trng phanh, cng vi nhng
h thng l xo dn ng v truyn lc
to thnh mt mm phanh hon chnh.
Khi phanh, m phanh s c m cng
ra v p vo trng phanh t pha trong,
to lc hm phanh xe.
 A. C IM V IU KIN LM VIC

PHANH A (DISC BRAKES)

Phanh a gm mt a phanh c gn ln
trc quay ca bnh xe v quay cng vi bnh
xe.
H thng m phanh l mt khi thng nht,
gm 2 m phanh s kp 2 bn mt ca a
phanh, v kp cht ly a phanh khi s dng.
Phanh a s dng du truyn lc ln m
phanh.
A. C IM V IU KIN LM VIC

iu kin lm vic
Chu nhit cao do ma st
Mi mn do ma st
Gi bi, nc ma gim hiu qu phanh
Chu p lc du (phanh thy lc), p lc kh (phanh kh nn)
Xe hot ng vi tc thay i lin tc
Lm vic trong iu kin mt ng khc nhau
Tn sut phanh lin tc trong qu trnh vn hnh
B. YU CU
B.1 YU CU K THUT

Qung ng phanh ngn nht khi phanh t ngt vi iu kin l gia

tc chm dn cc i
iu khin nh nhng (lc tc dng ln bn p phanh khng ln)
Thi gian phanh phi nhanh, tc thi
Phn b moment phi theo quan h s dng hon ton trng lng bm
khi phanh
Khng xy ra hin tng t sit
Thot nhit tt
Gi c t l thun gia lc bn p phanh vi lc phanh trn bnh xe
Phanh khi ng trong thi gian ngn
H s ma st n nh trong qu trnh s dng
B. YU CU
B.2 YU CU CHUNG

Cu to n gin,d ch to sa
cha
Kch thc, trng lng nh gn,
vn hnh m du, khng n
m bo c cng vng tt,
tui th cao t h hng
t hiu sut phanh ti u
Hot ng tt vi cc iu kin
ti v ng x
 C. PHNG N THIT K

H THNG PHANH

C CU PHANH DN NG PHANH

PHANH A PHANH GUC PHANH TAY THY LC KH THY KH

+i xng qua trc +Chung vi vi

+i xng qua tm phanh chnh
+Mt dng
+Gi c nh +Loi bi +Trn trc th cp
+Hai dng
+Gi di ng +T cng ha hp s
 C. PHNG N THIT K

PHANH A
u im:
Tng din tch ma st ca m phanh nhiu hn
p sut phn b u trn b mt m phanh do m
phanh mn u v t phi iu chnh
B mt lm mt ln v iu kin lm mt tt hn
Lc chiu trc tc dng ln a c cn bng
Gim c thi gian tc dng phanh v tng c t s
truyn ca truyn ng.
m bo moment nh nhau khi t tin li.
Trng lng phanh b hn so vi phanh guc,..
C. PHNG N THIT K

PHANH A
Khuyt im:
Du trong xylanh lm vic nng
Cht bn c th bm vo gy n mn c hc hoc ha hc nhanh nn
phi thng xuyn bo dng
Nu b n mn nhiu, a phanh qu mng s khin qu trnh tn nhit
din ra chm v phanh c th b gy
Phm vi s dng rng ri trn xe du lch.
C. PHNG N THIT K
PHANH A
Phanh a loi gi c nh ( t nh) :
u im: thot nhit tt, nh, khe h nh
(0,05-0,08 mm), p sut phn b u trn
b mt ma st, d t lm sch, d bo
dng.
Nhc im: lc p khng u, a d b
cng, p sut kh ln gy nguy him, a
mn nhanh, khng trnh khi bi bn,
nc gy gim hiu qu khi phanh.

Phanh a loi gi di ng:

C. PHNG N THIT K

PHANH GUC
 C. PHNG N THIT K

C cu phanh guc i xng qua trc

Dn ng thy lc (s dng trn t du lch v Dn ng kh nn (loi ny s dng
ti nh) trn t ti ln)
C. PHNG N THIT K
Phanh guc i xng qua tm

u im:
C cu phanh cn bng,
mi mn cc m l nh
nhau
Hiu qu phanh theo chiu
tin ln hn c cu phanh
i xng qua trc
Nhc im: hiu qu phanh
gim khi li.
Dng trn xe c ti trng
trung bnh v cu trc ca
xe con.
C. PHNG N THIT K

C cu phanh guc loi bi (bnh sau xe du lch v xe ti nh)

Hai mt ta tc dng n Hai mt ta tc dng kp

C. PHNG N THIT K
Phanh guc loi t cng ha (cc bnh xe pha trc t du lch v ti
nh trung bnh):

Tc dng n Tc dng kp
C. PHNG N THIT K

PHANH TAY

B tr chung vi phanh bnh xe

C. PHNG N THIT K
PHANH TAY

B tr trn trc th cp hp s
C. PHNG N THIT K
DN NG PHANH
PHANH DU
u im:
Phanh ng thi cc bnh xe vi s phn b lc
phanh gia cc bnh xe hoc gia cc m phanh
theo yu cu.
Hiu sut cao
nhy tt, kt cu n gin.
C kh nng dung trn nhiu loi t m ch cn
thay di c cu phanh.
C. PHNG N THIT K
DN NG PHANH
PHANH DU
Khuyt im
Khng th lm t s truyn ln c v th phanh du khng c cng
ha ch dung cho t c trng lng ton b nh, lc tc dng ln bn
p ln.
Khi c ch no b h hng th c h thng phanh u khng lm vic
c (v d khi h hng 1 ng ng no s nh hng ti c h
thng).
Hiu sut truyn ng s gim nhit thp.
C. PHNG N THIT K
DN NG PHANH
PHANH DU

Phanh mt dng Phanh hai dng

C. PHNG N THIT K
DN NG PHANH
PHANH KH
u im:
Lc tc dng ln bn p rt b
C kh nng c kh ha qu trnh iu
khin t v c kh nng s dng
khng kh nn cho cc b phn lm vic
nh h thng treo loi kh,.
Khuyt im:
S lng cc cm kh nhiu
Kch thc chng ln
Gi thnh cao, nhy t
C. PHNG N THIT K
DN NG PHANH
PHANH KH NN
- H thng phanh 1 dng lm vic
n nh hn khi phanh so vi 2 dng
- H thng phanh 2 dng c u im
l thng xuyn cung cp khng kh
cho h thng phanh romooc, hiu
qu khi phanh thng xuyn hoc
lu di. Nhc im l xy ra hin
tng khng cung cp kp thi kh
nn cho phanh c nhiu romooc.
C. PHNG N THIT K
DN NG PHANH
PHANH THY KH
u im:
Lc tc dng ln bn p b
nhy cao
Hiu sut ln
C th s dng c cu phanh nhiu
loi khc nhau
1;8-Cc xi lanh phanh 7-Mch du 2-B tr lc
Nhc im: 9-Xilanh chnh Tandem 5-Bnh cha kh 6-Cm
nhit thp,hiu sut gim van iu khin 3-n dn ng 4 -Bn p 10
Bo dng k thut phc tp: kim Bnh du.
tra mc du, thot kh
C. PHNG N THIT K
DN NG PHANH
PHANH THY KH

Mt dng Hai dng

D. THIT K B TR CHUNG

Xc nh kch thc c bn ca h thng phanh

Trng lng t ln cc bnh xe
Cch b tr h thng phanh
Bn v b tr chung ca h thng trn t
D. THIT K K THUT
1. Quy lut phn b p sut trn m phanh:

Cc gi thuyt:
_p sut ti im no y trn m phanh t l thun vi bin dng hng
knh ca im y khi phanh.
_Khi phanh, trng v guc phanh khng b bin dng m ch m phanh bin
dng.
_B mt lm vic ca m phanh p st vo b mt lm vic ca trng phanh
khi phanh.
D. THIT K K THUT

1. Quy lut phn b p sut trn m phanh:

Cng thc tng qut xc nh p sut bt k
im no trn m phanh:
q K sin
Vi: K l h s t l
l gc cc nh v tr im cn tnh p sut
trn m phanh
 D. THIT K K THUT
2. Tnh ton c cu phanh:
2.1 Xc nh gc v bnh knh p ca lc tng hp tc dng ln
m phanh
_Trng hp tha nhn p sut phn b u trn m phanh:
+ Gc to bi lc N1
v trc X 1 X 1 : 2 1
90o
1 , 2 l gc u v cui ca m 2

phanh
o r1
+ Bn knh: p o
2sin
2
o l gc m m phanh
D. THIT K K THUT
2. Tnh ton c cu phanh:
2.1 Xc nh gc v bnh knh p ca lc tng hp tc dng ln m
phanh
Trng hp p sut trn m phanh phn b theo quy lut ng sin:
2rt (cos 1 cos 2 )
p
o2 sin 2 o 2 o cos( o 1 ) sin o

cos 2 1 cos 2 2
tg
2 o sin 2 1 sin 2 2
D. THIT K K THUT
2.2 Tnh ton lc cn thit tc dng ln guc phanh:
Mc ch: xc nh lc P tc dng ln guc phanh m bo tng s moment phanh sinh
ra guc phanh trc v sau bng moment tnh ton mi c cu
M 'p
R1 R2
2ro
R1 , R2 l lc tng hp m phanh trc v sau
Bn knh: tg
ro p
1 tg 2
M ' p l moment phanh tnh ton cn sinh ra ca c cu phanh
Sau khi tnh ton suy ra:
M 'p
R1 R2
2ro
 D. THIT K K THUT

Chiu cc lc tc dng ln guc phanh trc v sau ln trc X 1 X 1'

Ta c:

M ' p1 Pa M ' p1 M ' p1

P cos o cos sin 0
c c p p
M ' p 2 Pa M ' p 2 M 'p2
P cos o cos sin 0
c c p p
 D. THIT K K THUT

Gii phng trnh cn bng i vi P, kt hp iu kin dng cho cht

lng c R1 R2 ta c:
P1 p(c cos o a) P2 p(c cos o a)
M ' p 2M ' p1 2M ' p 2 2 2
c(cos sin ) p c(cos sin ) p
P1 , P2 l lc tc dng t cam quay ln guc phanh trc v sau, 2 lc c gi tr
khc nhau. Ta c t l:
P1 c(cos u sin ) p

P2 c(cos u sin ) p
D. THIT K K THUT

i vi c cu phanh t cng ha:

D. THIT K K THUT
_iu kin cn bng cho guc phanh trc i
vi im t U1:
a ro
U1 R1 P P
c ro
Suy ra ac
M p1 P ro
c ro
_iu kin cn bng moment cho guc phanh phanh sau
vi im ta A:
(a ro )(b c) (a b)(c ro )
R2 P ro
(c ro )(b ro )
Suy ra: (a c)(b ro )
M p2 P ro
(c ro )(b ro )
 D. THIT K K THUT
3. Hin tng t sit:

_L hin tng m phanh b p st vo trng phanh ch bng lc ma st m khng cn lc

tc ng lc P ca truyn ng ln guc phanh.
c c os
_Hin tng t sit xy ra khi c iu kin:
p c sin
_i vi guc phanh t cng ha:
c

b
v
p b
2 2
p2 c2
F. CNG NGH MI
H thng chng b cng phanh ABS
F. CNG NGH MI

Phanh kh ng: Mt cng ngh gim tc khc hin ang c mt trong

ngnh cng nghip xe hi l phanh kh ng. T v tr 10, tm lch dng c
th chuyn sang nghing 30 hoc thm ch 65 theo yu cu ca ngi li
nhm gim lc ko khi phanh gp.

Bugatti Veyron ra mt nm 2005. Trong 0,4 giy u tin sau khi t vn tc

200 km/h, h thng phanh kh ng ca Veyron s t ng kch hot. Lc
ny, tm lch dng s nng ln v nghing 55 so vi ng thng nm
ngang tng tng, h tr cho h thng phanh carbon-gm
F. CNG NGH MI
F. CNG NGH MI
Phanh carbon gm:
Chm dt tnh trng mt phanh vi h thng a v
m phanh chu c nhit ln n 1.400C. Gin
n nhit thp lm gim hin tng rung khi phanh
nng. Loi a/m phanh bng st c thng thng
khng tt trong iu kin thi tit gi lnh v
carbon-gm rt t n v rung nhit thp. Phanh
a carbon nh hn 60% so vi loi st c thng
thng, gim tng trng lng ca xe. Khi ma st,
phanh carbon-gm khng to ra bi nh loi bng
st, t phi lau chi vnh a thng xuyn. Phanh
carbon-gm lm vic trong qung ng khong
300.000 km, tc l gp 3 hoc 4 ln loi st c.
Cng ngh phanh C-Brake ca hng
Mercedes-Benz
CM N THY V CC BN LNG NGHE!!!