Đau bụng cấp - Y HCM

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AU BNG CP

C ch
au do tng: kch thch cc th cm au tng
Tng rng b co tht, ko gin hoc sng to
Tng p sut ni bao tng c
To v tch ly nhng cht trong phn ng vim v
hoi t
au thng m h, nh v khng r rng, thng
kh khn m t
Thng cm gic au ng gia (thng v,
quanh rn, h v)
au nh cn, qun tht, nng rt
Cc nh hng th pht v TK t ng: v m hi,
bn chn lo lng, bun nn, nn
Bnh nhn xoay tr tm t th gim au
C ch
C ch
au l thnh:
Do kch thch hoc vim ca phc mc
thnh
au thng lin tc, mc au nng
hn v d xc nh v tr hn au do tng
au in hnh tng ln khi c ng v khi
ho
C ch
au do lin quan:
au c cm nhn v tr khc ni b
kch thch nhng trong vng c chi phi
bi cng 1 dy thn kinh hoc k cn.
Cm gic au c th nng hay su nhng
thng khu tr r. au xut hin khi kch
thch gy au cho tng cng lc cng
tng.
au c ngun gc t t trng hay ty lan
ra sau lng, t ng mt lan ln vai phi
TIP CN

Thi gian au < 1 tun


iu quan trng khi tip cn BN au
bng cp l loi tr bnh ngai khoa
cn phi m cp cu
Bnh s
Yu cu BN m t c im au bng chnh
t ca h. Sau ni BN ch ch au.
V tr
Thi gian au: rt hu ch chn on, tin
trin ra sao, ko di trong bao lu
Din tin au
Cng
Khi pht au: t ngt hay t t
Bnh s
Hng lan
Tnh cht au: au tng cn hay au lin tc.
au lin tc thng do au tng tc. au
tng cn thng do tng rng nh rut non
v i trng
c im au: nng rt, cn, qun tht
Yu t lm tng hoc gim au: lin quan
c bit vi thc n, antacid, ru, t th
BN
Triu chng km theo
Tin cn
Tin cn au bng nhng ln trc
Thuc ang dng
Thi quen: ht thuc, ung ru
Tin cn ngoi khoa
N: chu k kinh nguyt, tin cn thai
nghn
Khm
Tng trng
Ly du hiu sinh tn v kim tra li sau 1
khong thi gian u n
Du hiu ca gim th tch lu thng: nhp
tim nhanh, h huyt p t th, th nhanh, co
mch, m hi. Nhng du hiu ny i km
vi au bng thng do BN mt mu trong
bng vi s lng ln (v phnh ng mch
ch), mt dch lng ln (vim ty cp)
shock nhim trng (thng tng rng hoc p
xe).
Khm bng
Nhn:
T th nm ca BN

Bng chng do bng bng hay tc rut

Khi u bng

Vt m c
Bng c di ng theo nhp th khng

Nhu ng rut

Phi khm vng bn tm thot v


Khm bng
Nghe:
Nhu ng rut tng, m sc cao: tc rut

Nhu ng rut gim hay mt trong lit rut,


vim phc mc, ri lon in gii, vim ty
cp
m thi t mch mu
Khm bng
G:
G vang: tc rut

G gip xc nh ranh gii tng to

G c vng thp: c dch trong bng


Khm bng
S: phi rt nh nhng
Tm xem BN c du hiu ca vim phc mc
khng. Thng thng th phn ng di c
dng nh gi xem BN c vim phc mc
hay khng. Tuy nhin, khi BN b vim
phc mc th phn ng di s lm BN rt
au. V vy, nu BN than au nhiu, nn yu
cu BN ho
Ch tm khi u c mch p ca v phnh
Tng to
Khm bng
Khm trc trng-m o: tm ch au,
khi u. Khm thy c mu gi vim i
trng cp hoc thiu mu mc treo.
Khm bng
Cc yu t c th lin quan n bng
ngoi khoa:
au < 48h
au km nn i
C try mch
Bng khng
Nguyn nhn
I. au c ngun gc trong bng:
Phc mc thnh b vim:
Nhim trng: rut tha v, bnh vim nhim
vng chu
Kch thch ha hc: thng lot, vim ty
Tc nghn c hc tng rng:
Tc rut non hoc i trng
Tc nghn ng mt
Tc nghn niu qun
Nguyn nhn
Bt thng mch mu:
Thuyn tc hoc huyt khi gy thiu mu rut
V phnh ng mch ch bng
Thiu mu hng cu hnh lim
Ri lon thnh bng:
Xon hoc ko cng mc treo
Chn thng hoc nhim trng c thnh bng
Cng b mt tng (bao gan hoc bao thn)
Nguyn nhn
Nguyn nhn ngoi bng:
Ngc: vim phi, nhi mu c tim
Ct sng
C quan sinh dc: xon tinh hon
Nguyn nhn chuyn ha:
Ngoi sinh: ng c ch
Ni sinh: T nhim ceton, HC ure huyt cao
Nguyn nhn thn kinh: Herpes zoster, giang
mai thn kinh
au khp bng, lan ta
Thng rut
Phnh M ch bng
Vim ty cp
Tc rut
au quanh rn
Vim rut tha giai
on u
Tc rut non
Vim ty cp
V phnh M ch
bng
Thiu mu mc treo
au thng v

Vim lot d dy
t trng
Vim thc qun
Vim ty cp
Phnh M ch bng
Nhi mu c tim
au h sn phi
Vim ti mt
Vim ng mt
Vim gan, p xe
gan, K gan
Lot t trng
Vim y phi phi
p xe di honh
au h sn tri
Lot d dy
Vim ty cp
V lch, nhi mu lch
p xe di honh
Vim phi
au h v
Vim bng quang
Vim nhim vng chu
Thai ngoi t cung
Vim ti tha
au h chu phi
Vim rut tha
Vim hch mc treo (tr)
Vim ti tha
Vim nhim vng chu
Ti tha Meckel
Thai ngoi t cung
Bnh Crohn
Xon bung trng
Si niu qun
au h chu tri
Vim ti tha
Vim nhim vng chu
Thai ngoi t cung
To bn
Hi chng rut kch thch
Xon bung trng
Si niu qun
Nguyn nhn
1. Tc rut:
au qun tng cn, km theo i ma, to bn,
bng chng, tng nhu ng rut, du rn b
au quanh rn thng do tc rut non nhng
tc i trng c th au bt k v tr no trn
bng. Khong cch cn au do tc rut non (2-3
pht) thng ngn hn tc rut gi (10-15 pht).
X-Quang bng ng khng sa son: mc
nc hi
Nguyn nhn
2. Thng lot d dy t trng:
Khi pht au d di thng v, sau
nhanh chng lan ra khp bng
BN thng nm im, mch nhanh, th nhanh
Khm: bng cng nh g, mt vng c
trc gan
X-Quang bng ng khng sa son: lim
hi di honh
Nguyn nhn
3. Vim rut tha cp:
au m h vng quanh rn hoc thng
v, sau 6-8h au di chuyn xung vng
di phi v xut hin triu chng vim
phc mc
C th km theo chn n, bun nn, to
bn hoc tiu chy
St, bch cu tng
Nguyn nhn
4. Phnh ng mch ch bng:
V hoc bc tch ti phnh ng mch ch bng
khi pht t ngt vi au bng d di vng
gia bng, cnh ct sng hoc vng hng, au
lan ra sau lng
au cm gic nh x, km chong vng, v m
hi, bun nn, thng c bnh cnh chong.
BN c tin cn bnh mch mu ngoi bin
v/hoc tng huyt p.
Khm: khi u c mch p, au vng gia bng
Nguyn nhn
5. Vim ty cp:
au thng v hoc trn tri, au d di, lan
ra sau lng.
St, chn n, bun nn v nn, sau nn khng
gim au.
Khm c th thy khng vng trn rn, au
im sn lng khi vim vng ui ty, gim
nhu ng rut. Nc ct cng thng xy ra.
Nguyn nhn
6. Thiu mu mc treo cp:
Khi pht au t ngt, d di, lin tc vng
thng v v quanh rn khng tng quan vi
du hiu khm c bng
Chn n, bun nn, nn, tiu mu
Tin cn bnh tim mch

Khm: c th chong (25%), mt nhu ng rut,


du vim phc mc biu th bnh cnh nhi mu
rut.
Nguyn nhn
7. au qun mt:
Mc d thng c gi l au qun
nhng him khi BN au qun
BN au thng v khi tc nghn ng ti
mt. au thng lin tc, c th ko di
vi gi. Khi vim ti mt, au thng
chuyn sang trn phi v mc nng
n hn. au c th lan ln vai phi
Nguyn nhn
8. Lot d dy-t trng:
au m hoc rt bng thng v, gim
khi n hoc dng antacid.
au c tnh chu k v thng xut hin v
m lm BN phi thc dy
CAN LAM SANG
1. Cong thc mau
2. Tong phan tch nc tieu
3. Ion o mau
4. Chc nang than
5. X quang phoi
6. ien tam o
7. Amylase trong mau, nc tieu
8. X quang bung ng khong sa soan
9. Sieu am bung
10.Dch mang bung ( neu co )
MOT SO
TNH HUONG LAM SANG
BN nam , 44tuoi , nhap vien v au thng v ot
ngot sau khi i tiec ci ve. au bung kem non
oi nhieu , non xong khong giam au. au rat
nhieu , co luc au lan ra sau lng, va BN thng
phai nam co ngi lai th thay de chu hn.
T luc khi phat , au cang luc cang tang lam
BN phai nhap vien ngay va cha uong thuoc g
trc khi vao vien.
Tien can : Viem da day nhng cha bao gi au
nh lan nay.
Kham : Ve mat hot hoang . M 100 HA 90/60 T 38
HH 28
Bung chng nhe , s au nhieu vung thng v,
nhu ong ruot 4 lan/phut, iem Mayo-Robson (+).
BN nam ,50 tuoi, a c chan oan x gan co
chng t 1 nam nay. BN ieu tr khong
thng xuyen.
Khoang 1 tuan nay, BN thay an kem i, bung
to cang len, cam thay ngi n lanh , au
am khap bung nen nhap vien .

Kham : M 90, HA 100/60, T 37,8 o, HH 20


Bung bang cang , an au tc khap bung

Chan oan ?
e ngh CLS ?
Bn nam , 25 tuoi , nhap vien v au vung quanh
ron am va i tieu phan long 2 lan/ ngay,
t 1 ngay nay. BN thay n lanh , ngi met
moi khong muon an v co cam giac buon
oi.
Kham : T 38 o , M 88 , HA 120/70 HH 18
Bung mem . Vung ron khong au . au vung
ho chau phai, phan ng doi ( +).

Chan oan ?
e ngh CLS ?

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