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Electron Orbitals
Electron Orbitals
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Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
One cannot simultaneously
determine both the position
and momentum of an electron.
Quantum Numbers
Each electron in an atom has a unique set of
4 quantum numbers which describe it.
)(n
2n2
Electron Orbitals
An orbital is a region within an energy level
where there is a probability of finding an
electron.
) X (Y
%90
L
s Orbital shape
The s orbital
(l = 0) has a
spherical shape
centered around
the origin of the
three axes in
space.
p orbital shape
1 1
+ -
2 2
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Wolfgang
Pauli
Element Configuration Orbital notation Noble gas
notation notation
Lithium 1s22s1 [He]2s1
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
1s 2s 2p
Beryllium 1s22s2 [He]2s2
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
1s 2s 2p
Boron 1s22s2p1 [He]2s2p1
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
1s 2s 2p
Carbon 1s22s2p2 [He]2s2p2
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
1s 2s 2p
Nitrogen 1s22s2p3 [He]2s2p3
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
1s 2s 2p
Oxygen 1s22s2p4 [He]2s2p4
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
1s 2s 2p
Fluorine 1s22s2p5 [He]2s2p5
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
1s 2s 2p
Neon 1s22s2p6 [He]2s2p6
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
1s 2s 2p
Exclusion Warning!
n l Orbital ml # of
designation orbitals
1 0 1s 0 1
2 0 2s 0 1
1 2p -1, 0, 1 3
3 0 3s 0 1
1 3p -1, 0, 1 3
2 3d -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 5
4 0 4s 0 1
1 4p -1, 0, 1 3
2 4d -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 5
3 4f -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 7