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Bai 3 - Cac Nguyen Ly Dinh Gia Quyen Chon
Bai 3 - Cac Nguyen Ly Dinh Gia Quyen Chon
CHNH
Bi 3: Cc nguyn l nh gi quyn chn
Khi nim c bn v thut ng
S0 = gi c phiu hin ti
X = gi thc hin
T = thi gian cho n khi o hn.
r = li sut phi ri ro.
ST = gi c phiu thi im o hn quyn chn, tc l sau khong
thi gian T.
C(S0,T,X) = gi quyn chn mua vi gi c phiu hin ti l S0, thi gian
cho n lc o hn l T, gi thc hin l X.
P(S0,T,X) = gi quyn chn bn vi gi c phiu hin ti l S0, thi gian cho
n lc o hn l T, gi thc hin l X.
Khi nim c bn v thut ng
Trong hu ht cc v d, chng ta gi nh rng c phiu khng tr
c tc. Nu trong sut vng i ca quyn chn, c phiu c chi tr
c tc D1, D2,.., th chng ta c th thc hin cc iu chnh n
gin v t c cc kt qu ging nhau. lm iu , chng ta
ch cn tr i hin gi ca c tc.
D (1 r)
t j
j
j1
Khi nim c bn v thut ng
Thi gian cho n lc o hn c th hin di dng phn s ca
mt nm.
V d, nu ngy hin ti l 9/4 v ngy o hn l 18/7, chng ta ch
n gin m s ngy gia hai ngy ny. Ta c:
21 ngy trong thng 4,
31 ngy thng 5
30 ngy thng 6
18 ngy trong thng 7,
Tng cng l 100 ngy.
Vy thi gian cho n khi o hn l 100/365 = 0,274.
Khi nim c bn v thut ng
Li sut phi ri ro (r), l t sut sinh li ca cc khon u t khng
c ri ro. Mt v d ca khon u t phi ri ro l tri phiu chnh
ph M ngn hn, T-bill. T sut sinh li ca mt T-bill c thi hn
c th dng so snh s l i din cho li sut phi ri ro.
Tri phiu chnh ph ngn hn tr li khng thng qua cc phiu li
coupon m thng qua vic bn vi gi chit khu. Tri phiu s
c mua li t nht l bng vi mnh gi. Chnh lch gia gi mua
li v gi pht hnh c gi l khon chit khu. Nu nh u t
nm gi tri phiu n khi o hn, tri phiu s c mua li
mnh gi. V vy, khon chit khu l li nhun m ngi nm gi
tri phiu thu c.
Khi nim c bn v thut ng
Cc khon chit khu hi mua v cho bn ca T-bill trong
ngy giao dch 14/5 ca mt nm c th l nh sau:
o hn Hi mua Cho bn
20/5 4,45 4,37
17/6 4,41 4,37
5/7 4,47 4,43
Khi nim c bn v thut ng
Trong v d trn, ngy th Su tun th ba trong thng Nm l
ngy 21/5.
tnh li sut T-bill, chng ta s dng s trung bnh ca chit
khu hi mua v cho bn, l
(4,45 + 4,37)/2 = 4,41.
Sau chng ta tnh khon chit khu so vi mnh gi l
4,41(7/360) = 0,08575,
(da vo thc t l quyn chn cn 7 ngy na th o hn). V
vy, gi tri phiu l
100 0,08575 = 99,91425
Khi nim c bn v thut ng
T sut sinh li ca T-bill da trn gi nh l mua mc gi 99,91425
v gi trong vng 7 ngy, sau 7 ngy gi tr ca n l 100.T sut sinh li
s l
(100 99,91425)/99,91425 = 0,000858.
Nu chng ta lp li giao dch ny c 7 ngy mt ln trong sut mt nm,
t sut sinh li s l:
(1,000858)365/7 1 = 0,0457
vi 1,000858 chnh l 100/99,91425 hoc l 1 cng vi t sut sinh li
trong 7 ngy.
Lu rng khi chng ta tnh t sut sinh li theo nm, chng ta cho mt
nm c 365 ngy.
Chng ta s s dng li sut 4,57% nh i din cho li sut phi ri ro i
vi cc quyn chn o hn vo ngy 21/5.
Cc nguyn tc nh gi quyn chn
mua
Gi tr thp nht ca quyn chn mua
C(S0,T,X) 0
Cc nguyn tc nh gi quyn chn
mua
Gi tr thp nht ca quyn chn mua
Ca(S0,T,X) Max(0,S0 X)
C(S0,T,X) S0
C(ST,0,X) = Max(0,ST X)
Ce(S0,T,X) + X(1+r)-T S0
Ce(S0,T,X) S0 X(1+r)-T
Th gii hn di c iu chnh l
P(S0,T,X) 0
Pa(S0,T2,X) Pa(S0,T1,X)
Cc nguyn tc nh gi quyn chn
bn
Tc ng ca thi gian n khi o hn
Cc nguyn tc nh gi quyn chn
bn
Gii hn di ca quyn chn bn kiu Chu u
Cc nguyn tc nh gi quyn chn
bn
Gii hn di ca quyn chn bn kiu Chu u
Thu nhp ca danh mc A t nht cng tt nh danh mc B. V
vy, s khng c ngi no sn sng tr cao hn cho danh mc
B so vi danh mc A. Hin gi ca danh mc A phi khng thp
hn hin gi ca danh mc B; tc l
S0 X(1+r)-T Pe(S0,T,X)
Pe(S0,T,X) X(1+r)-T S0
Nu hin gi ca gi thc hin thp hn gi c phiu, gii hn
di ny s c gi tr m. V chng ta bit quyn chn bn
khng th c gi tr thp hn 0, chng ta c th vit
Pe(S0,T,X) Max[0, X(1+r) -T S0]
Cc nguyn tc nh gi quyn chn
bn
Gii hn di ca quyn chn bn kiu Chu u
Nu c phiu tr c tc v ta c :
N
t
j
S0 = S0 D (1 r)
j1
j
Nu ti sn c s l tin t