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Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)
Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)
Medicine (EBM)
Tim FOME
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas
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Introductory Lecture: Objectives
1. What
What is evidence-based medicine?
What does it look like in practice?
2. How
Formulate Clinical Questions
1. Search for Evidence
2. Appraisal of research
3. Apply to clinical problem
What is evidence-based medicine?
Patient
Concerns
EBM
Best research Clinical
evidence Expertise
What is EBM NOT?
What we have always done
Cookbook medicine
Only a cost-cutting trick
Only randomized trials
Meta-Analysis
Randomized Controlled Trial
Uncontrolled Trial
Case Series
Anecdote
Meta-Analysis
Randomized Controlled Trial
Uncontrolled Trial
Case Series
Anecdote
Richardson WS, Wilson MC, Nishikawa J, Hayward RS. The well-built clinical question: a key to evidence-based decisions. ACP J Club. 1995 Nov-
Dec;123(3):A12-3.
Formulating the Foreground Question
Primary Literature
III
Apply Evidence
Apply: Communicate the evidence to
your patient and integrate the evidence
with clinical expertise, patient preference
and apply.
Applying to the individual
What do the results mean
on average?
What do they mean for
this individual?
Evaluate Application
Self-evaluation: Evaluate the process
and outcome.
In short
EBM is the conscientious, explicit, and judicious
use of current best evidence in making decisions
about the care of individual patients.
Is keeping up to date Mission Impossible?
Bluegreenblog 2006
Review the World Literature Fortnightly*
*"Kill as Few Patients as Possible" - Oscar London
5,000?
per day
Medical Articles Per Year
1,500
per day
95 per
day
Coping with the overload:
three possible things you might try
A. Read an evidence-based
abstraction journal
(and cancel other journals)