THE SPANISH ERA

Towards the Hispanization of the Natives

 SPANISH INTEGRATION

The Spaniards integrated into the Philippine

society their
o Religion
o Language
o Custom
o Arts and
o sciences.
 UNION OF CHURCH AND STATE

The Colonial Administration shared the power of

governance with the Church.

The church meddled with governmental functions

and this led to the supremacy of the Church
over the Government.
 REDUCCION

The Spanish authorities clustered the Filipino

population into village settlements where they
could more easily be instructed.

Spanish urbanization was centered in the city of

Manila, within a walled city called Intramuros.
INTRAMUROS
CHURCHES
CHURCHES
SCHOOLS
ROADS
BAHAY NA BATO
 BAHAY NA BATO

comedor

azotea
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
 SOCIAL STRUCTURE

Peninsulares = Spaniards who grew up in Spain

Insulares = Spaniards who grew up in the Philippines
Spanish Mestizos = half-Spaniards
Principalia = former Filipino tribe leaders before the
invasion of Spain (datus, rajahs, maharlikas and
others)
Chinese Mestizos = half-Chinese
Chinese = Chinese living in the Philippines
Indios = what the Spaniards derogatorily call the
Filipinos
 EDUCATION

Education in the prehispanic period is informal.

The children are only taught by their parents in
vocations that can be used in their everyday
lives.

But with the coming of the Spaniards, education

was formalized and it focused on the doctrines
of Christianity.
 EDUCATION

The subjects taught were catechism, reading and

writing in the dialect, music, arithmetic, and
trades and industries.

The Spanish aristocracy tried to distinguish

themselves from indios through the use of
language and level of education.
 EDUCATION

Higher education was established exclusively for

Spaniards and Filipinos, referring to those born
in the colony to Spanish parents.

Colleges and universities were closed to indios.

 EDUCATION

Colleges, which later, became universities, were

also established. Examples of these are:
University of Sto.Tomas, Ateneo de Manila, San
Juan de Letran, etc. Schools and nunnery for
women were also introduced.
 EDUCATION

School for boys were separated from that of the

girls. Courses such as Law, Medicine,
Engineering were limited only to males.
Females were given special education in the
colegio (regular schools for girls) and in the
beaterio (combined school and nunnery).
 PRINTED BOOKS AND PUBLISHED MATERIALS

Doctrina Christiana (1593)

Pasion
Doce Pares de Francia, Bernardo Carpio, Adela
at Florante written by Jose de la Cruz
Lam-Ang by Pedro Bukaneg
Florante at Laura by Francisco Baltazar
 DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND PUBLIC UTILITIES

Ferrocaril de Manila: the only railway line in the

archipelago, which was constructed using
mainly Filipino labor. By 1892, five street car
service lines connected the primate city with
the suburbs with horse-drawn cars.
 DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND PUBLIC UTILITIES

Puente Colgante (Quezon bridge): the first

suspension bridge in the Far East.

Public Lighting System: used with coconut oil as

fuel (1814). By 1893, the walled city
(Intramuros) and suburbs were already
powered by electricity, with the founding of the
La Electricista de Manila.
 GALLEON TRADE

Through the galleon trade (derived from the

name of the ships used to transport goods from
one country to another), American-Asian
commerce flourished, but only a very few
privileged Spaniards were benefited.
GALLEON TRADE
 CHRISTIANITY

Christianity is considered as Spains greatest and

lasting legacy in the country.

The Christianization (Roman Catholic) of the Filipinos

was really the most outstanding achievement of
the Spanish missionaries. And as a result of the
missionaries apostolic labors, the Filipino people
have become uniquely the only Christian nation in
the entire Asian world.
 CHRISTIANITY

The Spaniards converted much of the Philippines

to Christianity except for Mindanao and Sulu.

The striking resemblances between the pre-

colonial religion and Catholicism have made
the latter acceptable to the local inhabitants.
IMAGES OF CATHOLICISM
 IMAGES OF CATHOLICISM

Pahiyas
 IMAGES OF CATHOLICISM

Dancing in Obando
 IMAGES OF CATHOLICISM

Peafrancia Festival