ROLES OF THE SUPERVISOR IN MANAGING

SAFETY AND HEALTH AT THE WORKPLACE

Under Section 24 Part VI of the OSHA 1994, Supervisor must ensure followed and
implement
accordingly.

Section 24 OSHA 1994

It shall be the duty of every employee.

- Reasonable care for Safety and Health of himself and other persons at place of
work;

- Cooperate with employer or any other person in the discharge of any duty or
requirement
imposed on the employer by the Act or Regulation.

- Wear or use PPE at all times or clothing provided by employer.

- Comply with any instructions or measure on Safety & Health instituted by

employer or by the
Act or Regulations.
 PRINCIPLE AND PROCESS OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

Also Supervisor:

- Brief employee on the Safe Work Procedures.

- Ensure work permits are applied/approved.

- Accident/near-misses are reported to Safety Dept.

- Conduct safety meeting;

- Supervise and monitor workers.

 PRINCIPLE AND PROCESS OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

Kemalangan industri di laporkan kepada JKKP (DOSH)

2001 - 2,880
2002 - 2,678
2003 - 2,982
2004 - 3,242

2. Kemalangan Industri di laporkan kepada perkeso (SOCSO)

1999 - 92,074
2000 - 95,006
2001 - 85,292
2002 - 81,810
2003 - 73,858
2004 - 69,132
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3. Introduction - Accidents.

- In 2004, 69,132 reported to SOCSO, about 190 accidents per day.

Why it happens:

- Failure of people;
- Equipment;
- Supplies;
- Environment.

What is accident?

- Unplanned event;
- Result in personal injury;
- Property damage;
 PRINCIPLE AND PROCESS OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

Minor accident.

- Injury requires little or no treatment.

Serious accident.

- Fatality;
- Permanent total disability;
- Permanent partial;
- Temporary total (LTI) disability.

Property Damage.

- Minor.
- Serious.
All accidents must be investigated.
 PRINCIPLE AND PROCESS OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
4. Accident Prevention

- Usually complex;
- Caused by combination of events;

Three cause levels:-

Basic~ indirect and direct.

Basic:

- Management of Safety Policy;

- Decisions;
Personal factors;
- Environment.
 PRINCIPLE AND PROCESS OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

Indirect (Symptoms):

- Unsafe Act;
- Unsafe Conditions.

Direct causes:

- Unplanned release of energy and or hazardous materials.

Accident may result in personal injury/property damage.
 PRINCIPLE AND PROCESS OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

5. Investigation

Depend on the nature of accident minor or serious and reportable to DOS I-I.
a) Scope;
b) Selection of investigators;
c) Briefing tot lie teams.
- Description of accident;
- Normal operating procedures;
- Maps;
- Location;
- Witnesses;
- Events before the accident.
d) Visit to accident site.
e) Inspect.
- Secure the area;
- Prepare sketch as/photo and label.
 PRINCIPLE AND PROCESS OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

f) Interview victim and witnesses and all who were there before/after the
accident.
g) Determine.
- What was normal before accident;
- Abnormality;
- When noted;
- I-low it occurred;

h) Analyze date in step (g).

i) Determine
- Why the accident occurred;
- Likely sequence and probable cause (direct, indirect, basic).
- Alternative sequence.
 PRINCIPLE AND PROCESS OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

j) Check each sequence against date in Step (g).

k) Determine the most likely sequence/probable causes.

I) Post investigation briefing.

m) Summary and reports including recommended actions to prevent

recurrence.
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6. Fact Finding.

- Gather evidence;
- Info from witnesses;
- Interview witnesses ASAP;
- Take photo;
- Copies of document on normal operating procedures, S.W.P.~
- Pre-accident conditions;
- Accident sequence;
- Post accident conditions;
- Location of witnesses;
- Machinery, energy source/hazardous materials.
- Physical/chemical low or principle.
 PRINCIPLE AND PROCESS OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

7. interviews

Experienced personal conduct interviews.

- Speaker;
- Statements from witness;
- Locate position of witnesses on master chart:
- Arrange time to talk to witnesses;
- Explain the purpose;
- Listen, let witness speaks freely, be courteous and considerate;
- Take notes;
- Use sketches/diagram to assist witnesses;
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- Emphasize direct observation label hearsay:

- Do not argue with witnesses;
- Record exact words;
- Word question carefully;
- Particular of witnesses;
- Let witness sign the statement.
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8. Problem Solving~ Technique

- Change Analysis;
- Job Safety Analysis
a) Change Analysis.
- What happened;
- What should have happened;
- What where, when, to what extent;
- What affected, not affected;
- Distinctive feature of change;
- Causes;
- Select most likely cause.
b) Job Safety Analysis.
- Break the job into basic steps;
- Identify the hazards associated with each step;
- Control of each hazard;
- Review JSA and see what step of the job was involved in an accident.
 PRINCIPLE AND PROCESS OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

9. Report

- Background;
- Where/when it occurred;
- Who/what were involved;
- Operating personnel and other witnesses;
- What happened (account of the accident).
a) Sequence of events;
b) Extent of damage;
c) Type of accident;
d) Source of accident/hazardous materials).
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- Discussion (Analysis).
a) Direct causes;
b) Indirect;
c) Basic.

- Recommendations for immediate and long range action.

a) Basic;
b) Indirect;
c) Direct (reduced quantities or provide PPE).