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Uyuyuyuer
Uyuyuyuer
S4
detector source
Internal Reflection
Transmission
Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR)
3
sample
sample
radiation
radiation
5
Transmission Mode
Dessicator
Water-free
Environment
for
Water-sensitive
Salt Plates.
6
Transmission Mode
Preparing a Neat IR liquid Sample
7
Transmission Mode
8
Transmission Mode
9
Transmission Mode
10
Transmission Mode
11
Transmission Mode
Light Path
(shown by red line)
12
Transmission Mode
Preparing a KBr Disk for solid samples
1 2 3
5
4
13
Reflectance mode Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR)
sample
Infrared energy propagates through an internal reflection crystal (IRE), usually ZnSe, Ge and KRS-5
(mixture of thallium iodide and bromide) and recently we use diamond as the internal reflection
element.
Although the infrared radiation is completely internally reflected, an evanescent wave extends
beyond the surface of the crystal.
Any sample that is in intimate contact with the crystal will interact with the infrared energy,
reducing the internal reflectance (attenuated).
14
FT-IR Sampling
15
Traditional ATR Disadvantages
(using ZnSe as IRE)
Chemically vulnerable
Clean only with a non-corrosive solvent
Physically susceptible
Soft nature of internal reflectance element (IRE)
restricts the application of force
Surface can be scratched
Not suitable for:
Corrosive liquids
Harder powders
16
Diamond ATR Advantages
Diamond ATR overcomes the limitations of traditional ATR
Small ATR element size allows intimate contact with samples
and greatly reduces sample size requirements.
Reproducible results are achievable because, by filling the ATR
element every time, path length and sample area are constant.
Mechanical strength of the diamond ATR element allows for
compression of the sample for intimate contact.
Resistant to all corrosive and abrasive solvents and samples.
Cleans up easily because of the low friction coefficient of
diamond.
Control sensitivity.
17
Diamond ATR Disadvantages
18
Infrared Spectra
(KCl matrix versus ATR)
Transmittance / Reflectance
KBr matrix
ATR