Professional Documents
Culture Documents
B MN TM L HC
TM L HC NHN THC
(Cognitive Psychology)
Ti liu tham kho
E. Bruce Goldstein (2005), Cognitive Psychology
Connecting Mind, Research, and Everyday
Experience, USA.
John R. Anderson (1995), Cognitive Psychology and
Its implications, New York.
Phan Trng Ng - ch bin (2001), Tm l hc tr tu,
NXBHQGHN
Phan Trng Ng (2008), Cc l thuyt pht trin tm
l ngi, NXB HSP.
Phm Minh Hc, L Khanh, Trn Trng Thy (1988),
Tm l hc, Tp 1, NXBGD.
Nguyn Quang Un, Trn Hu Luyn, Trn Quc
Thnh (2004), Tm l hc i cng, NXB i Hc
Quc Gia H Ni.
Nhng cu hi t ra:
Nhng lnh vc ca tm l hc nhn
thc bao gm g?
Tm l hc nhn thc lin quan n
cuc sng ca ti nh th no?
Tm l hc nhn thc ng dng thc t
vo cuc sng nh th no?
Lm th no c th nghin cu qu
trnh lm vic bn trong ca tm tr, khi
m chng ta thc s khng th thy
c n?
Nhn thc cm tnh Gii quyt vn
(Perception) (Problem solving)
Ch (Attention) Lp lun v ra quyt
Tr nh (Memory) nh (Reasoning
Hnh tng (Visual and Decision
Imagery) Making)
Ngn ng
(Language)
Nhn thc (cognitive) l qu trnh tinh
thn bao gm: nhn thc cm tnh
(perception), ch (attention), tr nh
(memory), gii quyt vn (problem
solving), lp lun (reasoning) v ra
quyt nh (making decisions).
Tm l hc nhn thc (cognitive
psychology) l mt phn ngnh ca tm
l hc quan tm n nhng nghin cu
khoa hc v nhn thc
1.1 Nh tm l hc nhn thc u tin
Nghin cu TLH nhn thc bt u t th k
19.
1868, Franciscus Donders, nh tm l hc
ngi H Lan, ngi lm th nghim tm
l hc nhn thc u tin.
ng thc hin th nghim Donders Th
nghim thi gian phn ng (Donders
Reaction Time Experiment)
M t th nghim
Mc ch: o thi gian phn ng ca mt
ngi khi a ra quyt nh
Cch lm: xc nh bng mt dng c gi l
Thi gian phn ng, o khong thi gian t
khi kch thch xut hin n khi phn ng vi
kch thch
Tin trnh: ng o 2 loi phn ng
M t th nghim (tt)
Thi gian phn ng n (simple reaction
time): ngi tham gia bm 1 nt cng nhanh
cng tt khi thy nh n (Hnh 1.1)
Hnh 1.1
M t th nghim (tt)
Thi gian phn ng la chn (Choice
reaction time): ngi tham gia nhn 1 trong
2 nt phn ng vi nh n. Nhn nt J
nu thy n bn tri sng, v nhn nt K
nu thy n bn phi sng. (Hnh 1.2).
Hnh 1.2
M t th nghim (tt)
Kt lun th nghim
Thi gian phn ng la chn di hn
thi gian phn ng n v phi tn thi
gian ra quyt nh
Donder nhn thy rng mt 1/10 giy
phn ng trong phn ng la chn,
v vy, ng kt lun mt 1/10 giy ra
quyt nh nhn nt no.
ngha ca th nghim
Th nghim ca ng quan trng bi v n l
mt trong nhng th nghim tm l hc nhn
thc u tin
N minh ha nhng nghin cu cc k quan
trng v tr tu - phn ng tr tu (mental
response) (nhn thc nh n, quyt nh
nhn nt) khng th o cch chnh xc,
nhng suy ra t hnh vi ca ngi tham gia.
Thc t, nhng phn ng tr tu khng th
o cch chnh xc, nhng c suy ra t
hnh vi.
c im ny c trong tt c cc nghin cu
tm l hc nhn thc.
Suy lun v thc ca Helmholtz
(Helmholtzs Unconscious Inference)
Phng php
tip cn
nghin cu
tm tr Phn ng sinh l
(Physiological
responding)
Phng php tip cn hnh vi
(Behavior approach)
Tip cp hnh vi (Behavioral approach to
the study of the mind) bao gm o lng
hnh vi v gii thch nhn thc xt v mt
hnh vi.
V d: Th nghim ca Donders o hnh vi
(thi gian phn ng reaction time) v gii
thch kt qu trong thut ng hnh vi (thi
gian phn ng ko di hn trong iu kin
la chn l thi gian cng thm a ra
quyt nh).
Phng php tip cn sinh l hc
(Physiological approach)
Tip cn sinh l (Physiological approach to
the study of the mind) bao gm o lng c
hnh vi v sinh l v gii thch nhn thc xt
v mt sinh l hc.
V d: thc hin th nghim ca Donders
trong phng th nghim o thi gian phn
ng, v o no ca mt ngi khi h phn
ng vi kch thch.
Xem hnh 1.6, gm mi quan h A, B, C
Mi quan h A:
Nhn t kch
thch hnh vi
Mi quan h B:
mi quan h
gia nhn t
kch thch v
phn ng sinh l
Mi quan h C:
phn ng sinh l
vi hnh vi