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Section 4.1
4.1 The Concepts of Force and Mass
4N 10 N
6N
4.2 Newtons First Law of Motion
5N
64
3N
4N
4.2 Newtons First Law of Motion
m kg m
kg 2 2
s s
a
F 110 N
0.059 m s 2
m 1850 kg
4.4 The Vector Nature of Newtons Second Law
F y ma y F x max
4.4 The Vector Nature of Newtons Second Law
4.4 The Vector Nature of Newtons Second Law
ax
F x
23 N
0.018 m s 2
m 1300 kg
ay
F y
14 N
0.011 m s 2
m 1300 kg
4.5 Newtons Third Law of Motion
P 36 N
as 0.0033 m s 2
ms 11,000 kg
P 36 N
aA 0.39 m s 2
mA 92 kg
4.6 Types of Forces: An Overview
Fundamental Forces
1. Gravitational force
3. Electroweak force
4.6 Types of Forces: An Overview
friction
tension in a rope
The force that each exerts on the other is directed along the line
joining the particles.
4.7 The Gravitational Force
m1m2
F G 2
r
6.67 10 11
N m kg
2 2
12 kg 25 kg
1.2 m 2
8
1.4 10 N
4.7 The Gravitational Force
4.7 The Gravitational Force
Definition of Weight
M Em
W G 2
r
W mg
ME
g G 2
r
4.7 The Gravitational Force
ME
g G 2
RE
6.67 10 11
N m kg
2 2 5.98 10 kg
24
6.38 10 m
6 2
9.80 m s 2
4.8 The Normal Force
FN 11 N 15 N 0
FN 26 N
FN 11 N 15 N 0
FN 4 N
4.8 The Normal Force
Apparent Weight
F y FN mg ma
FN mg ma
true
apparent weight
weight
4.9 Static and Kinetic Frictional Forces
The magnitude of the static frictional force can have any value
from zero up to a maximum value.
fs f s
MAX
f s
MAX
s FN
f k k FN
Definition of Equilibrium
An object is in equilibrium when it has zero acceleration.
Fx 0
Fy 0
4.11 Equilibrium Application of Newtons Laws of Motion
Reasoning Strategy
Select an object(s) to which the equations of equilibrium are
to be applied.
Choose a set of x, y axes for each object and resolve all forces
in the free-body diagram into components that point along these
axes.
T1 T1 sin 10.0 T1 cos10.0
T2 T2 sin 80.0 T2 cos 80.0
W 0 W
W 3150 N
4.11 Equilibrium Application of Newtons Laws of Motion
sin 80.0
The first equation gives T1 T
2
sin 10.0
Substitution into the second gives
sin 80.0
T cos10.0 T2 cos 80.0 W 0
2
sin 10.0
4.11 Equilibrium Application of Newtons Laws of Motion
W
T2
sin 80.0
cos10.0 cos 80.0
sin 10.0
T2 582 N T1 3.30 10 N 3
4.12 Nonequilibrium Application of Newtons Laws of Motion
Fx max
Fy may
4.12 Nonequilibrium Application of Newtons Laws of Motion
T1 T1 cos 30.0
T1 sin 30.0
T2 T2 cos 30.0
T2 sin 30.0
D D 0
R 0
R
4.12 Nonequilibrium Application of Newtons Laws of Motion
T1 T2
max