Chuong 4

Chng 4
iU KHIN TC
NG C KHNG NG B
1
ng c khng ng b
ng c khng ng b 3 pha gm 2 loi:
Rotor lng sc
Rotor dy qun
ng c khng ng b 3 pha rotor lng sc

90kW, 1484v/ph, 630kg
(Ngun: ABB motors)
2
ng c khng ng b
3
ng c khng ng b
4
ng c khng ng b
5
ng c khng ng b
Theo c tnh c, tiu chun NEMA ca M chia ng c khng

ng b thnh 4 lp A, B, C, D:
Lp B: loi thng dng (general purpose)
Lp A: c momen ti hn cao v trt nh mc thp, dng
trong cc ng dng c yu cu momen ti hn cao nh my p
phun (injection molding machine)
Lp C: dng trong cc ng dng yu cu momen khi ng
cao, nh bng ti, thang cun
Lp D: c trt nh mc cao, dng trong c cu nng h
hoc cc ti c chu k nh my t dp (punch press
machines)
6
ng c khng ng b
c tnh c tiu biu ca C KB lp A, B, C, D (tiu chun NEMA M) 7

Mch tng ng ca C KB
a
R '2
R1 X1 X2 s
I1 I2
Im
p dng nh l Thevenin:
VX m
Vt
R12 X 1 X m
E 2
V Xm
X Xm
t tan 1 1
Stator Rotor
2 R 1
b
jX m R1 jX 1
Rt jX t
a R1 j ( X 1 X m )
R '2
Rt Xt X2 s
I2
Vt t E
8
Stator Rotor
b
Gin vector
R '2
R1 X1 X2 s X1I1
I1 I2
Im
R1I1
V E
Xm
E
I2 I1
V
F2
Momen ng c:
M K F.I 2' .sin d 2 K F.I1.sin d1 d2
d1 Im F
Hay :
M K F.I 2' .cos F 2
9
Cc cng thc tnh ton c bn v C KB
Tc ng b:
2 f 1
db
p p
trt (slip):

s db
db
Tc trt:
sl db sdb
Tc ng c (tc quay ca rotor):

(1 s)db
10
Quan h gia dng stator v dng rotor:
R2' s j X 2' X m I '2
I1
jX m
Cng sut truyn qua khe h khng kh (cng sut in t):

R '

Pdt 3I 2
'2 2
Tn hao ng rotor:
PCu r 3I 2'2 R2'
Cng sut c (cng sut a ra trc ng c):

Pc Pdt 3I 2'2 R2' (1 s ) Pdt
Momen sinh ra trn trc ng c (momen in t):

Pc Pdt 3 '2 R2'
M I2
db db s 11
Momen cc i ca ng c:
3 Vt 2
M max
2db R R 2 X X '

2
t t t 2
trt ti momen ng c t cc i:
R2'
sm
Rt X t X 2
2 ' 2
12
Khi ng v hm C KB
Khi ng:
ng c KB rotor dy qun: thm in tr vo
mch rotor
ng c KB rotor lng sc: gim p stator
i ni Y-
Dng bin p t ngu
Cc ch hm:
Hm ti sinh
Hm ngc
Hm ng nng
13
Hm ng nng C KB Mch tng ng
db1 db1 '
X1 X2
R1 db db
db1 ' db1

Xm R
V
db
2
db1
Stator Rotor
Mch tng ng ca ng c tn s b1, suy ra t mch tng

ng tn s b
14
db
R1
db1 X1 X 2'
db db
R2'
V Xm db1
db1
Mch tng ng ca ng c tn s b1, suy ra

t mch tng ng tn s b 15
R1 X 2'
I2
Im
R2'
It E Xm
1 s
It: dng xoay chiu (tn s db ) to ra sc t ng tng ng vi dng mt chiu

Id chy trong cun dy stator ch hm ng nng.
Du trong thnh phn R2' (1 s ) ch ra ng c lc ny nhn nng lng t ti

(ch hm). Khi lu l momen lc ny c chiu ngc li so vi ch ng
c, s khng cn k ti du ny trong mch tng ng.
16
Trnh t tnh ton c tnh c ca ng c ch hm ng nng khi bit c tnh t
ha E(Im) ca ng c:
Ly mt gi tr Im,
Suy ra gi tr E tng ng theo c tnh t ha,
E
Tnh Xm: X m
Im
I dt2 I m2
Tnh I2: I
'2
2
2 X 2'
1
Xm
R2'
Tnh trt s: s 1
E / I
' 2
2 X 2'2
Tnh tc ng c tng ng: (1 s)db
R2'
3
Tnh momen ng c: M I
'2
db 1 s 2
17
iu khin tc ng c KB
Cc phng php iu khin tc ng c KB:

1. iu khin in p stator
2. iu khin tn s
3. iu khin in tr stator
4. iu khin cng sut trt
18
iu khin in p stator
Thng s dng vi ti bm hay qut gi

Phm vi iu chnh tc khng cao
Momen ti qut gi:
M c C 2 (1 s )db
2
19
iu khin in p stator
(rad/s) Vdm
.75 Vdm
.5 Vdm
M(Nm)
c tnh ng c khng ng b
khi iu khin bng cch thay i in p stator
20
iu khin in p stator
B qua ma st trn trc ng c, tn hao do qut gi
C th chng minh c dng rotor tnh bi cng thc:
C 3 (1 s) s
I 2' db

3 R2'
R1 X1 X2
I1 I2
R '2
V s
21
iu khin in p stator
Nu b qua dng t ha, xem I 2' I1 , c th chng minh c:
I1 (1 s) s

I dm (1 sdm ) sdm
T s ny t cc i ti s = 1/3, khi :
I max 2

I dm 3 3(1 sdm ) sdm
22
iu khin in p stator
1.4
I1/Idm
Sdm = 0.1
1.2
1
Sdm = 0.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
s
Quan h I1/Idm vi trt s
23
C KB & Bin tn ngun p
f
Gi a .
f dm
Vi a<1 (f<fm): ng c c iu khin vi t thng = const = nh mc,
Vi a>1 (f>fm): ng c c iu khin vi V = const = Vm,
24
Hat ng vi a<1
T thng khng i dng t ha = nh mc,
C th chng minh c:
E E
dng t ha = nh mc const dm
f f dm
E
Nu b qua st p trn in tr v in khng stator, nguyn l const c th thay
f
V
bng const
f
25
Hat ng vi a<1
Hai phng php iu khin tn s v in p ng c KB:

E
o Phng php t thng khng i: const
f
V
o Phng php const
f
26
E
Phng php t thng khng i: const
f
Dng qua ng c:
Edm
I1 I 2'
R2'2
X '2
2
( sa)2
Momen ng c:
2
Edm R2'
3 as
M
db R2'2
X '2
2
( sa) 2
Vi cng mt gi tr ca sa, momen M, dng rotor I 2' v dng stator I1 l khng i.
27
E
f
Lu :
adb sl
sa sadb sl = tc d trt
db db
Vy, suy ra: vi cng mt gi tr ca tc trt, momen M, dng rotor I 2' v dng
stator I1 l khng i.
Nu xem R2' s X 2' , momen ng c c th tnh nh sau:

2
3Edm
M 2 ' (asdb ) const sl
db R2
28
E
f
trt ti ng c t Mmax l:
R2'
sm
aX 2'
Momen cc i ca ng c:
3 Edm
M max
2db X 2'
29
E/f = const (t thng khng i)
350
a = f/fm
300
250
(rad/s)
200
150
a=1
.75
100
.5
50
.25
.1
0
-500 0 500
M(Nm)
H c tnh c khi iu chnh theo quy lut E/f = const 30
(a = f/fm < 1: iu chnh di tn s nh mc)
E/f = const (t thng khng i)
200
a = f/fm
180
160
(rad/s)
140
120
a=1
100
80
.75
60
40
.25 .5
20
.1
0
0 100 200 300 400 500
M(Nm)
H c tnh c khi iu chnh theo quy lut E/f = const
(a = f/fm < 1: iu chnh di tn s nh mc) 31
V
Phng php const
f
R1 aX1 aX2
I1 I2
Im
R '2
V Xm E s
32
V
Phng php const
f
Momen ng c:
R2'
Vdm2
3 as
M
db R1 R
2
X1 X 2
'
2 ' 2
a sa
Momen cc i ca ng c:
2
3 Vdm
M max
2db R a X1 X
1 R1 a
2

' 2
2
33
C KB & Bin tn ngun p V/f = const
350
a = f/fm
300
250
(rad/s)
200
150
a=1
100 .75
50 .25 .5
0
-600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300
M(Nm)
H c tnh c khi iu chnh theo quy lut V/f = const
Thng s ng c:
4 cc, sm = 0.05, fm = 50Hz 34
R1=0.4 Ohm ,X1=0.8 Ohm, R2=0.25 Ohm, X2 = 0.8 Ohm, Xm = 20 Ohm
200
a = f/fm
180
160
a=1
140
(rad/s)
120
100
.75
80
60
.5
40 .25
20 .1
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
M(Nm)
Thng s ng c:
4 cc, sm = 0.05, fm = 50Hz
R1=0.4 Ohm ,X1=0.8 Ohm, R2=0.25 Ohm, X2 = 0.8 Ohm, Xm = 20 Ohm 35
200
a = f/fm
180
160
a=1
140
120
(rad/s)
100
.75
80
60 .5
40
20 .1 .25
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
M(Nm)
& vi in p tng cng (boost voltage) tn s thp
V = kf+Vo
(k chn sao cho V = Vm ti f = fm) 36
Hat ng vi a>1
Momen ng c:
2 R2'
V
3 dm
as
M
db R
2
R1 X 1 X 2
'
2 ' 2
s
Momen cc i ca ng c:
2
3 Vdm
M max
2db R
1 R1
2
a 2
X 1 X 2
' 2
37
iu chnh trn tn s nh mc
350
a = f/fm
2.0
300
1.75
250
1.5
(rad/s)
200
1.25
150
100 a=1
50
0
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300
M(Nm)
(a = f/fm > 1: iu chnh trn tn s nh mc) 38
iu chnh trn tn s nh mc
350
a = f/fm
300 2.0
250 1.75
1.5
200
1.25
(rad/s)
150
a=1
100
50
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
M(Nm)
(a = f/fm > 1: iu chnh trn tn s nh mc)
39
S khi mch iu khin (kiu vng h)
+ +
Vo
+ -
K
v
Khu
to
tr f
40
S khi mch iu khin (kiu vng kn)
Chnh lu
PWM
Khu hiu chnh

vng in p
V*
+
-
Vht
v Nghch
lu
+ +
sl f
- +
Khu hiu chnh
vng tc
Hi tip p
Hi tip tc
41
C KB & Bin tn ngun dng
c tnh c tn s nh mc
Do s phi tuyn gia E v Im, c tnh ca ng c tn s nh mc tnh theo cc bc:
Chn gi tr Im (Im < I1),

Tnh E v Xm t c tnh t ha
I12 I m2
Tnh I2: I 2
'
2 X 2'
1
Xm
R2'
Tnh s t cng thc: s
( E I 2' ) 2 X 2'2
3R2'
Momen ng c: M I '2
db s
2
42
c tnh c tn s nh mc
ng c hot ng vi t thng khng i:
R ' 2
X2 2 '2

I m2 ' I2
s
R2 1
Xm X2
' 2
43
c tnh c tn s nh mc
60
50
40
I1 (A)
30
20
10
0
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
w (rad/s)
Quan h gia dng stator I1 - tc trt wsl sl
t thng ng c l nh mc
Thng s ng c:
4 cc, sm = 0.05, fm = 50Hz
c tnh c tn s nh mc
Momen ng c khi :
3 I12 X m2 R2' s
M
db R2' s 2 X m X 2' 2
45
c tnh c tn s f < fm
Ti tn s f = a fm:
R ' 2
X2 2 '2

I m2 ' I2
as
R2 1
X m X 2'
2
as
Ti tn s f = fm (ngha l a = 1):
R ' 2
X2 2 '2

2
I m2 ' 1
s
I s1
R2
Xm X2
' 2
s1
s1 : trt ti tn s nh mc 46
c tnh c tn s f < fm
Vi dng stator khng i, ngha l I1 = Is1 , dng t ha Im khng i vi mi gi tr

ca a, ta cn c:
R ' 2 R ' 2
X22 '2
X2 2 '2

as 1 s
R' R'
Xm X2 Xm X2
2 ' 2 2 ' 2
as s1
ng thc ny dn n:
sa = s1
Hay:
asdb s1db
Tc trt ti tn s afm = Tc trt ti tn s fm = sl
Ngha l quan h I1 (sl ) ng c lm vic vi t thng khng i ti tn s nh mc
cng ng vi mi tn s khc.
47
60
50
40
I1 (A)
30
20
10
0
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
w (rad/s)
Quan h gia dng stator I1 - tc trt wsl sl
t thng ng c l nh mc
Thng s ng c:
4 cc, sm = 0.05, fm = 50Hz
Momen ng c khi hot ng vi tn s khc nh mc:
3 I12 X m2 R2' sa
M
db R2' sa 2 X m X 2' 2
Vi: a = f/fm
49
350
a = f/fm
300
250
200
(rad/s)
150 a=1
.75
100
.5
50
.25
0
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400
M(Nm)
H c tnh c khi iu chnh tn s bin tn ngun dng
(a = f/fm < 1: iu chnh di tn s nh mc)
I1 = I1m 50
160
I1 = 1.25 Im
Im
140
0.5Im
120 0.25Im
(rad/s)
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
M(Nm)
c tnh ng c khng ng b
hot ng vi bin tn ngun dng (v ti tn s nh mc) 51
Khu hiu chnh
vng dng in
Id* Mch Chnh
+ kch lu
-
Iht
Hi tip dng
Khi to hm
iu khin t thng
Nghch
sl lu
+ +
-
+ f
Khu hiu chnh
vng tc
Hi tip tc
52
IU KHIN CNG SUT TRUT
NG C ROTOR DY QUN
iu khin xung in tr rotor

H ni tng tnh
53
IU KHIN XUNG IN TR ROTOR
Rd Ld
+
Id
Vd S R
Cc gi thit khi gii tch h thng:

1. B qua hin tng trng dn xy ra trong cu chnh lu diode,
2. Dng Id xem l lin tc v phng
3. Momen ng c sinh ra do s tng tc gia hi bc 1 ca dng rotor v t thng
trong khe h khng kh gia stator v rotor,
4. Tn hao trn cu diode v kha bn dn khng ng k
54
Nng lng hp th bi R trong mt chu k T:

WR I d2 R(T ton )
Cng sut trung bnh hp th bi R:

1 2
PR I d R(T ton ) I d2 R (1 ) vi ton / T
T
Gi tr ng tr ca in tr R:
R* R(1 )
55
Rd Ld
+
Id
Vd R*
56
p pha
rotor
Dng pha
rotor
57
Gi tr hiu dng ca dng pha rotor:
2
I rms Id
3
Gi tr hiu dng ca hi bc 1 dng pha rotor:
6
I2 Id

Suy ra:
3
I 2 I rms

Cng sut tiu th trn 1 pha rotor:

1
Pe Rd R (1 ) I d2 0.5 Rd R (1 ) I rms
2
in tr ng tr trn mi pha rotor:

Rdt* 0.5 Rd R(1 )
58
Mch tng ng ca ng c khi hat ng vi h xung in tr suy ra trn nguyn tc

bo tan cng sut, bao gm:
1. Cng sut c do hi bc 1 ca dng rotor gy ra,
2. Tn hao trn in tr do hi bc 1 v sng hi gy ra.
Cng sut in t truyn qua khe h khng kh = Cng sut tiu th bi mch rotor
Pdt 3EI 2 cos r 3I rms
2
( R2 Rdt* ) Pc
3
M: I 2 I rms

Nn:
2
3EI 2cos r I 22 ( R2 Rdt* ) Pc
3
2 Pc
EI 2 cos r I 22 ( R2 Rdt* )
9 3
59
Cng sut trt tng ng vi dng hi c bn (bc 1) ca dng rotor:

sPdt1 3I 22 ( R2 Rdt* )
Trong :
Pt1: Cng sut in t ng vi hi c bn ca dng rotor,
Cng sut c sinh ra bi hi c bn ca dng rotor:

(1 s )
Pc (1 s ) Pdt 3I 22 ( R2 Rdt* )
s
T , ta c cng sut in t truyn qua khe h khng kh l:
2 ( R2 Rdt* ) 2 Rf 2
EI 2 cos r 1 ( R2 Rdt )
*
I 2 Rh I2
9 s s
60
R1 X1 X2 Rh
I1 I2
Im
V E R 'f
Xm
s
Mch tng ng 1 pha ca C KB

khi s dng mch iu khin xung in tr rotor
61
Mch tng ng 1 pha ca C KB

khi s dng mch iu khin xung in tr rotor
2
Rh 1 ( R2 Rdt* )
9
R f ( R2 Rdt* )
Quy i v stator:
Rh' aT21Rh
R 'f aT21R f
Lu : aT1: t s vng stator/ rotor,
62
H NI TNG TNH
Cng sut tr v li aT2
I1
Rd Ld
aT1 + -
Id
I2
Vd VI
Cng sut trt
- +
63
H NI TNG TNH
Cc gi thit khi gii tch h thng:

1. B qua hin tng trng dn xy ra trong cu chnh lu diode,
2. Dng Id xem l lin tc v phng
3. Momen ng c sinh ra do s tng tc gia hi bc 1 ca dng rotor v t thng
trong khe h khng kh gia stator v rotor,
4. Tn hao trn cu diode v kha bn dn khng ng k,
5. Bin p c gi thit l l tng (b qua in khng tn, tn hao)
6. B qua hin tng trng dn trn cu nghch lu
64
H NI TNG TNH - Nguyn l hot ng
in p ng ra b chnh lu: in p pha DC ca cu nghch lu:
3 6 sV 3 6 V
Vd VI cos
a T1 a T2
V: in p pha cung cp cho stator
aT1: t s vng dy stator/rotor
Nu b qua Rd, ta c:
Vd VI 0
Suy ra trt s (ngha l tc ng c) c th iu chnh theo gc kch :
a
s T 1 cos aT cos
aT 2
Cng sut in t do ng c sinh ra:

V I
Pdt d d
s
Momen in t ng c sinh ra:
P 3 6 VI d
M dt
db aT 1db 65
H NI TNG TNH Mch tng ng
Cng sut in t truyn sang pha rotor:
Pdt Pc Pcur Pr
Pc: cng sut c,
Pcur : tn hao ng trn rotor,
Pr : cng sut tr v li,
Lu l cng sut c (v tng ng l momen c) do thnh phn hi c bn ca dng

rotor sinh ra, cn tn hao ng rotor do dng rotor hiu dng sinh ra.
66
Cng sut in t Pt c th tnh nh sau:
2 3 VI
Pdt 3 1 ( R2 0.5Rd ) I 22 ( R2 0.5Rd ) I 22 2 cos
9 s aT 2
Suy ra, cng sut in t trn 1 pha rotor l:
2 ( R 0.5Rd ) 2 1 V cos
EI 2cosr 1 ( R2 0.5Rd ) I 22 2 I2 I2
9 s s aT2
Hay:
R f 2 Vr
EI 2cos r Rh I 2
2
I2 I2
s s
Trong :
2
Rh 1 ( R2 0.5Rd )
9
R f ( R2 0.5Rd )
V cos
Vr
aT 2
Quy i sang pha stator:
R 'f '2 Vr' '
EI 2 cos r Rh I 2
' ' '2
I2 I2
s s 67
R1 X1 X2 Rh R 'f s
I1 I2
Im
Vr'
V Xm E s
68
v c tnh c ca ng c vi gc kch cho trc:
- Ly gi tr ca trt s,
- Tnh ra gi tr dng rotor I2:
Vtd R Vtd2 R 2 ( R 2 X 2 )(V22 Vtd2 )
I
'
R2 X 2
2
Trong :
'
R
R R1 Rh' f
s
Vr'
Vtd
s
X X 1 X 2'
- Cng sut c sinh ra:
(1 s)
Pc 3 I 2'2 R 'f Vr' I 2'
s
- Momen ng c sinh ra:
Pc 3
M I 2'2 R 'f Vr' I 2'
(1 s)db sdb
69
160
140 = 90o
120
100o
(rad/s)
100
80
110o
60
120o
40
130o
20
150o 140o
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
M(Nm)
H c tnh c khi ca h ni tng tnh Scherbius

Thng s ng c:
4 cc, sm = 0.05, fm = 50Hz 70
R1=0.4 Ohm ,X1=0.8 Ohm, R2=0.25 Ohm, X2 = 0.8 Ohm, Xm = 20 Ohm

Chuong 4

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Chuong 4

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Chng 4

ng c khng ng b 3 pha rotor lng sc

Theo c tnh c, tiu chun NEMA ca M chia ng c khng

c tnh c tiu biu ca C KB lp A, B, C, D (tiu chun NEMA M) 7

Tc ng c (tc quay ca rotor):

Cng sut truyn qua khe h khng kh (cng sut in t):

Cng sut c (cng sut a ra trc ng c):

Momen sinh ra trn trc ng c (momen in t):

db1 ' db1

Mch tng ng ca ng c tn s b1, suy ra t mch tng

Mch tng ng ca ng c tn s b1, suy ra

It: dng xoay chiu (tn s db ) to ra sc t ng tng ng vi dng mt chiu

Du trong thnh phn R2' (1 s ) ch ra ng c lc ny nhn nng lng t ti

Cc phng php iu khin tc ng c KB:

Thng s dng vi ti bm hay qut gi

Nu b qua dng t ha, xem I 2' I1 , c th chng minh c:

Hai phng php iu khin tn s v in p ng c KB:

Vi cng mt gi tr ca sa, momen M, dng rotor I 2' v dng stator I1 l khng i.

Nu xem R2' s X 2' , momen ng c c th tnh nh sau:

Khu hiu chnh

Do s phi tuyn gia E v Im, c tnh ca ng c tn s nh mc tnh theo cc bc:

Chn gi tr Im (Im < I1),

ng c hot ng vi t thng khng i:

Vi dng stator khng i, ngha l I1 = Is1 , dng t ha Im khng i vi mi gi tr

Momen ng c khi hot ng vi tn s khc nh mc:

iu khin xung in tr rotor

Cc gi thit khi gii tch h thng:

Nng lng hp th bi R trong mt chu k T:

Cng sut trung bnh hp th bi R:

Cng sut tiu th trn 1 pha rotor:

in tr ng tr trn mi pha rotor:

Mch tng ng ca ng c khi hat ng vi h xung in tr suy ra trn nguyn tc

Cng sut trt tng ng vi dng hi c bn (bc 1) ca dng rotor:

Cng sut c sinh ra bi hi c bn ca dng rotor:

T , ta c cng sut in t truyn qua khe h khng kh l:

Mch tng ng 1 pha ca C KB

Mch tng ng 1 pha ca C KB

Cng sut tr v li aT2

Cc gi thit khi gii tch h thng:

Cng sut in t do ng c sinh ra:

Lu l cng sut c (v tng ng l momen c) do thnh phn hi c bn ca dng

H c tnh c khi ca h ni tng tnh Scherbius

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