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  • Java Server Pages (JSP) & Servlets Web Development: TPM Class Project April 22, 2010

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    1. Java Server Pages (JSP) and Servlets are technologies used for web development that allow for dynamic content generation on the server-side in response to client requests. 2. Early websites only served static HTML pages but more interactivity was needed, leading to the development of CGI scripts and later Java servlets. 3. Servlets are Java programs that extend the functionality of the web server to dynamically generate responses. JSPs make it easier to design pages like static HTML with Java code enclosed in special tags to generate dynamic content.

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    1. Java Server Pages (JSP) and Servlets are technologies used for web development that allow for dynamic content generation on the server-side in response to client requests. 2. Early websites only served static HTML pages but more interactivity was needed, leading to the development of CGI scripts and later Java servlets. 3. Servlets are Java programs that extend the functionality of the web server to dynamically generate responses. JSPs make it easier to design pages like static HTML with Java code enclosed in special tags to generate dynamic content.

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    20 views11 pages

    Java Server Pages (JSP) & Servlets Web Development: TPM Class Project April 22, 2010

    Uploaded by

    Tom Morales
    1. Java Server Pages (JSP) and Servlets are technologies used for web development that allow for dynamic content generation on the server-side in response to client requests. 2. Early websites only served static HTML pages but more interactivity was needed, leading to the development of CGI scripts and later Java servlets. 3. Servlets are Java programs that extend the functionality of the web server to dynamically generate responses. JSPs make it easier to design pages like static HTML with Java code enclosed in special tags to generate dynamic content.

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    of 11

    Java Server Pages (JSP) &

    Servlets
    Web Development
    TPM
    Class Project
    April 22, 2010
    In the beginning… – Serving Static Pages
    HTTP Request
    GET
    …..
    …..

    <HTML>
    <HEAD>
    <HTML>
    </HEAD>
    <HEAD>
    <HTML>
    </HEAD>
    <HEAD>
    <BODY></HEAD>
    HTTP Response ……..
    <BODY>
    </BODY>
    ……..
    <BODY>
    </HTML>
    </BODY>
    ……..
    <HTML> </HTML>
    </BODY>
    <HEAD> </HTML>
    </HEAD>
    Client Web Server
    <BODY>
    ……..
    </BODY>
    </HTML>
    The web server gets the
    A web browser lets user
    request, finds the resource,
    request a resource
    and returns it to user.
    (HTML page, picture, sound)

    • This architecture sufficed for providing “static” data, but inability to provide
    “dynamic” data based on input provided by user (client)
    But what if you want Dynamic Content
    & Ability to Save Data on the Server?
    Web Server
    parameters

    HTTP header info <HTML>


    <HEAD>
    <HTML> </HEAD>
    <HEAD>
    </HEAD>

    <BODY>
    web server <BODY>
    …….. helper
    </BODY>
    ……..
    </BODY>
    app </HTML> app
    </HTML>

    • Need some kind of “helper” app that can work with the server
    • Helper app is what does the work of generating dynamic content
    • The first “helper apps” were “CGI” scripts/programs (Perl, C) – initially, was main
    technology used to generate dynamic content
    – Limitations: platform dependence, lack of scalability
    • To address limitations, Java servlet technology developed:
    – JSP / Servlets (Java)
     Other server side technologies in use that generate dynamic content:
    – ASP (Microsoft)
    – PHP
    What’s a Servlet?
    • Servlets are the “helper” app written in the Java
    programming language
    – Servlets are server side Java programs which extend the
    functionality of the web server; used for generating a
    response dynamically based on the user request
    – A servlet is usually (though not always) executed in
    response to an invocation from an HTML page. It process
    the request dynamically and generates a response.
    What is JSP (Java Server Page)?
    • JSP is also java based technology used <HTML>
    Class TimeIs {
    <BODY>
    for generating dynamic content The current time
    is: XX:XX
    void check() {

    }
    x = new Date();
    </BODY>
    – JSP is based on functionality provided by </HTML>
    }

    Servlet specification
    • JSP = HTML + Java (sort of) <HTML>
    <BODY>
    – JSP written in HTML with a little Java The current time is:
    <%= new java.util.Date() %>

    thrown in </BODY>
    </HTML>

    – Java is enclosed in special tags, <%...%>


    • Every JSP page is translated into a Java
    servlet
    So what’s the difference between
    Servlet and JSP?
    SERVLETS JSP
    • Servlets are pure java • JSP page more like an
    programs with class and HTML document, with
    method definitions Java mixed in
    • With servlets, • With JSP, page can be
    developer must write designed like static web
    code to output the page, with JSP tags used
    HTML markup for the dynamic content
    • Servlets well suited for • JSP pages well suited as
    executing business logic views
    How are Servlets Run? Container

    Web Server
    HTTP request
    GET GET GET
    ….. ….. …..
    ….. ….. …..

    <HTML> <HTML>
    <HEAD> <HEAD>
    HTTP header info </HEAD> </HEAD>
    <HTML>
    <HEAD>
    web server <BODY>
    web container <BODY> servlet
    </HEAD> …….. ……..
    </BODY> </BODY>
    <BODY> app </HTML> app </HTML>
    ……..
    </BODY>
    </HTML>

    What is a container?
    • Servlets don’t have a main() method. They’re under control of another Java
    application called a Container.
    • Container manages and controls servlet; handles threading, security, networking
    • Web server app (e.g Apache) hands the request to the Container (e.g. Tomcat),
    container gives request to the servlet and calls the servlet’s methods
    How are Servlets Run?
    Web Server
    request
    HTTP request
    GET
    GET GET
    …..
    ….. …..
    …..
    ….. ….. servlet

    <HTML>
    <HEAD>
    HTTP header info </HEAD>
    <HTML>
    <HEAD>
    web server <BODY>
    web container thread
    </HEAD> ……..
    </BODY>
    <BODY> app </HTML> app <HTML>
    <HEAD>
    …….. </HEAD>
    </BODY>
    </HTML> <BODY> Service()
    ……..
    </BODY>
    </HTML>

    HTTP response doGet()


    response

    • The container sees that the request is for a servlet, so container creates HttpServletRequest
    and HTTPServletResponse objects to handle the HTTP request and HTTP response.
    • Container finds correct servlet based on URL in request, creates thread for the request, and
    passes the request and response objects to the servlet thread.
    • Container calls servlet’s service() method, which calls either doGet() or doPost() mehtod,
    which generates the dynamic page, and sends it back in the response object.
    How does the Container find the
    Servlet? (DD)
    • The URL that comes in as part of the
    request from the client is mapped to a
    specific servlet on the server.
    • Mapping is done by a file called the
    Deployment Descriptor (DD)
    • DD is XML document <web-app xmlns=http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee

    – Maps internal name to fully qualified xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"


    xsi:schemaLocation=http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-
    app_2_4.xsd
    class name version="2.4">

    – Maps internal name to public URL name


    <servlet>
    <servlet-name>Test</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.example.web.TestSelect</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    • Benefits of Mapping: Improves <servlet-mapping>


    <servlet-name>Test</servlet-name>

    flexibility and security


    <url-pattern>/SelectTest.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    </web-app>
    Development Environment
    • Many vendors offer Integrated Development Environments
    which contain servlet wizards that make it easy to create
    and compile servlets almost automatically.
    • Development Environments:
    – Eclipse
    • Free, open-source IDE
    – IBM's WebSphere Studio IDE (based on Eclipse)
    – Sun Java Studio Creator (built on NetBeans IDE)
    • Or NetBeans IDE, which is free
    • Or the way I do it:
    – A smart editor that recognizes programming language syntax
    (Notepad++) , and command line options (javac) in DOS window
    References
    • http://java.sun.com/products/servlet/articles/tutorial/
    • http://java.sun.com/j2ee/tutorial/1_3-fcs/doc/Servlets.html
    • http://www.apl.jhu.edu/~hall/java/IDEs.html

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