THE COLONIAL

LEGACY Rimsha Irfan

Aaminah Sarwar
Ghalia Saad
Mahnoor Naseer
Urooj Fatima
Samar Farrukh
Rida Tanveer
Alishba Gul
India, Pakistan & Bangladesh before
the partition vs. now
 PUNJAB
The Unionist party failed to establish a solid grassroot
organization.
Muslim leagues poor performance in 1937 elections led
them to take measures to increase its popularity.
Role of students : formation of Punjab Muslim Students
Federation.
Second World war and requisitioning of grain
The untimely deaths of Unionist leaders
ML co-opted landlords, pirs and leaders of biraderi system
which resulted in reversal of fortune in 1946 elections.
Meanwhile the Unionist party used the support of ulemas
hence their influence subsided and party workers left.
The Unionist legacy : Punjabisation of Pakistan
The legacy of campaign for Pakistan : Struggle for
freedom.
 NWFP
Dynamics at play;
British role
Pashtun superiority and Pakhtunistan. Coalition
with Congress
AIML's position in the Frontier.

The freedom movement was weak in NWFP and

therefore the dilemma between Pakistan
nationalism and Pashtun identity persisted post-
independence.
SINDH
 BENGAL
The AIML had influence in Bengal especially
after the appointment of Abul Hashim
Poor people were very active in the League
Declined after partition
Conflict between Urdu speakers and Bengali
speakers
Marginalization of Bengalis at AIML councils-
no representation
Naya Qanoon
A short story by
Saadat Hasan Manto
 What was the impact of
imperialism on the political
structures and bureaucracy of the
newly created Pakistan?
In what ways does Manto capture
this conflict at the grassroots in his
short story Naya Qanoon?
 The AIML & Pakistans Future
Development
1. Poor institutionalism
2. Clash of identities
3. Low level of political culture
4. Ambiguity over Islam and Pakistan

Hierarchical and authoritative political nature inherited from the

British colonial setup which embodied itself in AIML before
partition and later translated into Pakistani political structures.
QUESTIONS?