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The Time Value of Money - The Basics
The Time Value of Money - The Basics
Learning Objectives
Principles Used in this Chapter
1. Using Time Lines
2. Compounding and Future Value
3. Discounting and Present Value
4. Making Interest Rates Comparable
Key Terms
Principle 1:
Money Has a Time Value.
i=10%
0 1 2 3 4
Years
Cash flow -$100 $30 $20 -$10 $50
Simple Interest
Interest earned
= 5% of $500 = .05500 = $25 per year
Total interest earned = $252 = $50
Balance in your savings account:
= Principal + accumulated interest
= $500 + $50 = $550
Compound interest
Interest earned in Year 1
= 5% of $500 = $25
Interest earned in Year 2
= 5% of ($500 + accumulated interest)
= 5% of ($500 + 25) = .05525 = $26.25
Balance in your savings account:
= Principal + interest earned
= $500 + $25 + $26.25 = $551.25
FV2 = PV(1+i)n
= 500(1.05) 2
= $551.25
i=12% 0 1 2 20
Years
Cash flow -$10,000 Future
Value=?
FV = $10,000(1.12)20
= $10,000(9.6463)
= $96,462.93
=FV(rate,nper,pmt, pv)
=FV(0.12,20, 0,-10000)
= $96,462.93
FV =$20,000 (1.06)25
= $85,837.41 per year
FV = PV(1+i/2)m*2
= 500(1+.08/2)7*2
= 500(1.7317)
= $865.85
i=10% 0 1 2 120
Months
Cash flow -$50,000
FV of $50,000
Compounded for
120 months
@ 10%/12
FV = PV (1+i/12)m*12
= $50,000 (1+0.10/12)10*12
= $50,000 (2.7070)
= $135,352.07
=FV(rate,nper,pmt, pv)
=FV(0.00833,120, 0,-50000)
= $135,346.71
PV = FVn PVIF
PV = FV (1/(1+i)n )
= 5000 (1/(1.07)10)
= 5000 (.5083)
= $2,541.50
i=5%
0 1 2 25
Years
Cash flow $100,000
Present
Value =?
PV = $100,000 [1/(1.05)25)
= $100,000 [0.2953]
= $29,530
N = NPER(rate,pmt,pv,fv)
= NPER(0.08,0,-7500,23000)
= 14.56
i=15%
0 1 2 N =?
Years
We know FV,
PV, and i and
are solving for
N
N = NPER(rate,pmt,pv,fv)
= NPER(.15,0,-10000,200000)
= 21.43
Rule of 72
N = 72/interest rate
N = 72/interest rate
N = 72/9 = 8 years
=Rate(nper,pmt,pv,fv)
=Rate(8,0,-10000,22000)
=10.36%
Years 0 1 2 30
We know FV, PV
and N and are
Solving for interest
rate
=Rate (30,0,-50000,1000000)
=10.50%
EAR = [1+.0545/12]12 - 1
= 1.0558 1
= .05588 or 5.59%
0 1 2 12
Compounding periods
are expressed in months
(i.e. m=12) and we are
Solving for EAR
EAR = [1+.13/12]12 - 1
= 1.1380 1
= .1380 or 13.80%
EAR = e.18 - 1
= 1.1972 1
= .1972 or 19.72%