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TKE 1226
LOGO Medan Elektromagnetik
Semester 1 2013/2014
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Overview : Analisis Vektor
Sistem koordinat: Cartesian, Cylindrical/
Tabung, dan Bola
Aljabar Vector :
dot product ( ),
cross product ( x ), right-hand rule
operasi gradient (),
Teorema divergence (.),
Teorema Stokes(x),
Teorema Helmholtz.
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Skalar dan Vektor
Skalar merupakan variable yang hanya memiliki
magnitude, e.g. kelajuan 40 km/jam.
Tegangan, temperatur merupakan besaran
skalar
Vektor merupakan variable yang memiliki
magnitude dan arah, e.g. kecepatan 40km/jam
ke utara.
Gaya dan kecepatan merupakan besaran vektor
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Dasar-dasar Vektor
A x , y, z A x x , y, z a x A y x , y, z a y A z x , y, z a z
Konvensi:
Vektor ditulis dengan anak
panah diatas atau cetak tebal
A
Vektor biasanya Konvensi: a or a
fungsi dari koordinat A
spasial vektor satuan dilambangkan
dengan topi diatasnya
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Sistem koordinat kartesian
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Ekspresi Vektor pada Cartesian
General Vector, B:
Magnitude of B:
1-6
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Example
1-7
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Vektor posisi dan jarak
R 1 x1a x y1a y z1a z
R 2 x 2a x y2a y z 2a z
R 12 R 2 R 1
d R 12 x 2 x 1 a x y 2 y1 a y z 2 z 1 a z
x 2 x1 2 y 2 y1 2 z 2 z1 2
12
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Contoh
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Jawab
1-10
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Penjumlahan Vektor
ur ur
A B A x B x ax (A y B y )ay (A z B z )az
Associative Law:
Distributive Law:
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
The Dot Product
Commutative Law:
1-12
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Vector Projections Using Dot Product
1-13
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Operational Use of the Dot Product
Given
Find
Note also:
1-14
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Cross Product
1-15
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Operational Definition of the Cross
Product in Rectangular Coordinates
Begin with:
where
Therefore:
Or
1-16
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Differential Element
dv dxdydz
dl dxax dyay dzaz
ds dxdyaz dydzax dxdzay
1-17
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Circular Cylindrical Coordinates
1-18
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Orthogonal Unit Vectors in
Cylindrical Coordinates
1-19
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Differential Volume in Cylindrical
Coordinates
dV = dddz
1-20
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Point Transformations in Cylindrical
Coordinates
1-21
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Dot Products of Unit Vectors in Cylindrical
and Rectangular Coordinate Systems
1-22
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Example
1-23
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Transform the vector,
Start with:
1-24
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Transform the vector,
Then:
1-25
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Transform the vector,
Finally:
1-26
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Spherical Coordinates
1-27
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Constant Coordinate Surfaces in
Spherical Coordinates
1-28
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Unit Vector Components in Spherical
Coordinates
1-29
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Differential Volume in Spherical
Coordinates
dV = r2sindrdd
1-30
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Dot Products of Unit Vectors in the
Spherical and Rectangular Coordinate
Systems
1-31
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Example: Vector Component
Transformation
1-32
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
z
Coordinates of Different
Coordinate Systems
R
J
Transformation Table j y
x
Cartesian Coordinates Cylindrical Coordinates Spherical Coordinates
x2 y 2 z 2
r 2 z2
R
x2 y 2 r
arctan arctan J
z z
y j
arctan j
x
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Transformation Table
A Ax ex Ay e y Az ez A Ar er Aj ej Az ez A = AR e R AJ eJ Aj ej
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O
Soal2
-ax+8ay-4az
0,762ax-0,127ay-0,635az
12,45
-27,0
130,8 o
-4,38
-2,13ax-3,55ay-1,42az
2
z
6. a. Nyatakan T=240+z2 -2xy dalam koordinat
e 2 co 3
tabung
b. Cari kerapatan di titik P(-2,-5,1) jika
kerapatannya e z 2 3 cos2 j
2
240+z2 2 sin 2
8,66
x xax yay
x y
2 2
J U R U S A N T E K N I K E L E KT R O - U N I V E R S I TA S D I P O N E G O R O