CHAPTER 2:

Structure Program Development

BEE1213: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

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Syllabus

Structure Programming
2.1 Approach

2.2 Software Development

Algorithm, Pseudo-Code
2.3 and Flowchart
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Lesson Outcomes
1. Explain the structured programming approach
2. Develop simple algorithm to solve basic
arithmetic operation

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2.1 Structure Programming Approach

What is a Program?
A set of instruction for computer to execute
A collection of instructions necessary to solve a
specific problem
SOFTWARE or FIRMWARE?

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Programming Paradigm
A point of view on Examples:
how program execute Unstructured

Influence problem Structured

solving methodology Sequential

Procedural or
Functional
Object oriented

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Structured Programming
Disciplined approach to writing program that are
clear, correct & easy to maintain
Sequential, procedural or functional

Top-Down approach to programming

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Program Execution
Computers execute instruction line-by-line basis
Instructions and data are stored in allocated

memory addresses
Information stored in memory address is
accessed by fetch-execute cycle
Program Counter (PC) store current memory
address information
Registers store current instruction and data
executed

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The Memory Structure

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2.2 Software Development
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Six step procedure
Program specification
Program design
Program code
Program test
Program documentation
Program maintenance

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 Understanding what the problem is?
What is solution should provide?
SDLC Inputs to the problem
Any special constraints/condition/
formulas to be used
75% of total lifetime
cost
Error-free operations
Effective program
Plan a solution
Two categories
Using Algorithm:
Operations
- Pseudocode
Changing needs
- Flowcharts

Written
descriptions and
procedures about a
program
User manual
Transform design to coding
Writing the program or
Debugging coding
Syntax errors
Logic errors
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2.3 Algorithm, Pseudo-Code and Flowchart

Algorithm
Method for solving well structured problem
Sequence of steps to accomplish specific task

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Representing Algorithm
Flow Chart Pseudo Code
Graphical symbols Algorithmic language

Flow of steps or Code without syntax

processes May use borrowed

Generic syntax
Easily translate

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Flow Chart Symbols
start/end

connector
operation

input/output Off-page
connector

decision

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 Flowchart: Logic Structures

SEQUENCE STRUCTURE SELECTION STRUCTURE LOOP STRUCTURE

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Pseudo-code statement
Simple English Pseudo-code
Gets first number input(number1)
Gets second number input(number2)
Add the two numbers Result = number1 +
Show result number2
output(Result)

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 Example 1: sequence
Problem:
Design a software to calculate the sum of two
numbers entered by user.

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 Example: Add 2 numbers
(pseudo code) (flowchart) start
Steps:
Read number1
1. Begin

2. Read number1
Read number2
3. Read number2

4. Add number1 & number2 answer=no1+no2

5. Display sum
Display Sum
5. End

end
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Solution

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 Example 2: sequence
Problem:
Design a software to calculate the average of
three numbers entered by user.

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Solution

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 Example 3: selection
Problem:
Read a value from user. If the value is negative, tell
him.

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Solution
Start
Begin
input value
if value < 0 then
Input print The value is negative
value
End

FALSE
value < 0?

TRUE

Print The
value is
negative

End

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 Practice 1
Problem:
Read a value from user. Tell the user whether
the value is negative, zero or positive.

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solution
Begin
input value
if value < 0 then
Start print The value is negative
else if value = 0 then
print The value is zero
Input else
value print The value is posifive
End

FALSE FALSE
value < 0? value == 0?

TRUE TRUE

Display Display Display

The value The value The value
is negative is zero is positive

End
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END OF CHAPTER 2
1. Q& A
2. Outcomes
Explain the structured programming approach
Develop simple algorithm to solve basic
arithmetic operation
3. Reflection

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