DESIGN:A plan or a drawing produced to show the look and function of a

building or a structure before it is made.

The design of a structure involves two stages .

I. The first stage is the selection of an appropriate type of
structure and carrying out analysis .
II. The second stage involves detailed design of various components.

The requirements that have to be satisfied during design process

Serviceability
Safety
Durability
Economy
Aesthetic beauty
Practicability
Acceptability
Feasibility
 DESIGN OF MEMBERS USING DESIGN CODES
The design of the members is usually done in accordance with
rules and regulation and provisions of design codes, which reflect
the current views acceptable to engineering community at large,
which are based on available knowledge.

This project is done on the reference of IS: 456 2000, SP 16 and

IS 875 1987.

STAGES IN STRUCTURAL DESIGN

The process of structural design involves the following stages:

Structural planning.
Estimation of loads.
Analysis of structure.
Method of design.
Drawing, detailing and preparation of schedules.
 This stage involves determination of external loads coming on the structure
and design loads. Loads and properties of materials constitute then basic
parameters affecting the design of RCC structure and both are basically of
varying nature. For such a quantity of varying nature, it is necessary to
arrive at a single representative value. This value is known as the
characteristic value.

The value to be taken in design providing appropriate or desired margin of

safety is known as design value.

The ratio of the two greater than unity is known as the partial factor of
safety. Characteristic load is that value of load, which has 95% probability
of not being exceeded during the lifetime of the structure.

Design load Fd = partial safety factor x characteristic load

 TYPES OF LOADS:
1. Dead load
2. Live load
3. Wind load
Load combinations:
All the load cases are tested by taking load factors and
analyzing the building in different load combination as per
IS456 and analyzed the building for all the load combinations
and results are taken and maximum load combination is
selected for the design.Load factors as per IS456-2000