CENNITEC

C CU CHP HNH

LE THE TRUYEN
 le the truyen

C CU CHP HNH
Mch vi sai
Nu xy lanh c kt ni nh trong hnh 5.8, p
D d
sut ti hai bung ca xy lanh l bng nhau. Tuy
nhin, v din tch mt piston ln hn in tch mt
vnh khn nn lc to ra bi p sut mt piston Q+q
ln hn, xy lanh s i ra. q
A
Lu lng q t bung nh ca xy lanh
kt hp vi lu lng ca bm Q cng
P T
cung cp vo bung ln ca xy lanh. Nu
P
gi V l vn tc i ra ca xy lanh:
Xt mt vnh khn Q
q = (/4) (D2 d2)v M
Xt mt piston
Q + q = (/4) D2v
Q = (/4) d2v
Vy
V = (4/ ) (Q / d2) = Q / a
Vi a l din tch ca ti xy lanh
Cennitec
 le the truyen

C CU CHP HNH

Mt my ct nh hnh 5.10 bao gm mt bnh ct c chuyn ng quay v mt

bn trt theo phng nm ngang. Bn trt c truyn ng bi xy lanh thy
lc c hnh trnh l 2 mt. Xy lanh cn phi c vn tc nhanh xp x 3 m/min, v
t ng chuyn qua vn tc chm ct khi p sut trong h thng tng ln
giai an chi tit tip xc vi u ct. Vn tc chm khi ct c th c iu chnh
t 10 n 150 mm/min. Vn tc tr v ca xy lanh c yu cu l khng qu
nhanh v xp x 3 m/min.
Xy lanh c ti khi i ra giai an nhanh v khi tr v l 500 kg, ti khi ct l 2500
kg. p sut ti a ca h thng l 70 bar. Hiu sut ca xy lanh l 0.9.

u ct

Bn trt

Cennitec
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C CU CHP HNH
Chn kch thc xy lanh
V2 = 10 150 mm/min
F2 = 2500 kg

Nhanh Chm
V1 = 3 m/min, F1=500 kg
Hnh trnh ra

D d

Hnh trnh v

v = 3 m/min, f = 500 kg

Din tch ca piston khi l

Cc thng s c bn nh sau:
A = D2/4 = 3.14 x (102) /4 = 78.5 cm2
1. ng knh piston l D = 100 mm
Din tch ca ti khi l
2. ng knh ti l d = 70 mm
a = d2/4 = 3.14 x (72) /4 = 38.5 cm2
3. p sut ln nht 40 bar
Din tch mt vnh khn l
(A a) = 78.5 38.5 = 40 cm2
Cennitec
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C CU CHP HNH
S dng mch truyn thng Nhanh Chm

A
Y3
Cng tc p sut
P T

E2

E1

A B

Y1 P T Y2

40 bar

Cennitec
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C CU CHP HNH
Chm
Giai an xy lanh ra nhanh V = 3 m/min = 1/20 m/s
Nhanh

A
Khi cun dy Y1 c cp ngun, du t bm Y3
Cng tc p sut
vo thng bung ln ca xy lanh lm xy lanh P T

i ra. Trong thi gian ny xy lanh chy khng E2

ti nn p sut h thng cha lm E1

chuyn i trng thi ca cng tc p sut. V
vy cun dy Y3 cha c cp ngun, xy A B
lanh lm vic vi vn tc nhanh l 3 m/min
Y1 P T Y2

Q = 23.55 l/min
40 bar

Cennitec
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C CU CHP HNH
Chm
Giai an xy lanh ra chm V = 60 mm/min = 0.001 m/s

Khi xy lanh tip xc vi chi tit, p

sut tng cao n gi tr ngng A

ca cng tc p sut, cun dy

Y3
Cng tc p sut
Y3 c cp in, bng vic iu
P T

chnh van E1, vn tc xy lanh b

E2

q1 = 2 x 0.24 = 0.48 l/min

gim i E1 q2 = 0.24 l/min

A B

Y1 P T Y2

Qd = 23.55 0.48 = 23.07 l/min

Q = 23.55 l/min
40 bar

Cennitec
 le the truyen

C CU CHP HNH
v = 3 m/min = 1/20 m/s

Giai an xy lanh i v
q = 23.55/2 = 11.775 l/min
A
Y3
Cng tc p sut
P T

E2

hnh trnh i v, bng cch iu chnh E1

van E2 xy lanh s c c vn tc mong
mun.
A B

Qd = 23.55 11.775 = 11.775 l/min

Y1 P T Y2

Q = 23.55 l/min
40 bar

Cennitec
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C CU CHP HNH
Phn tch qu trnh tiu th nng lng ca h thng trong 1 chu k lm vic
Nhanh Chm
Lu lng bm cn cung cp cho xy lanh V = 3 m/min = 1/20 m/s

giai an ra nhanh l
Q (l/min) = 6 A(cm2) V( m/s)
= 6 x 78.5 (cm2) x (1/20) (m/s) A
Y3
= 23.55 (l/min) Cng tc p sut
Cng sut tiu th l P T

E2
N (kW)= (P (bar) x Q (l/min))/600
= (40 x 23.55)/600 = 1.57 kW E1

Giai an xy lanh ra nhanh, ton b A B

nng lung c dng xy lanh Y1 P T Y2

c vn tc nhanh. Giai an ny
khng c lu lng b d nn nng
lng tiu hao v ch bng N1 = 0.
Q = 23.55 l/min
40 bar

Cennitec
 le the truyen

C CU CHP HNH
Chm
Giai an xy lanh ra chm V = 60 mm/min = 0.001 m/s

A
Y3
Cng tc p sut
P T

E2

q1 = 2 x 0.24 = 0.48 l/min

Nng lng mt l E1 q2 = 0.24 l/min

N2 = (P x Q)/600 = 40 x 23.07 / 600 = 1.538 kW

A B

Y1 P T Y2

Qd = 23.55 0.48 = 23.07 l/min

Q = 23.55 l/min
40 bar

Cennitec
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C CU CHP HNH
Giai an xy lanh i v v = 3 m/min = 1/20 m/s

Nng lng mt l
q = 23.55/2 = 11.775 l/min
N3 = (P x Q)/600 = 40 x 11.775 / 600 = 0.785 kW A
Y3
Cng tc p sut
P T

E2

E1

A B

Qd = 23.55 11.775 = 11.775 l/min

Y1 P T Y2

Q = 23.55 l/min
40 bar

Cennitec
 le the truyen

C CU CHP HNH
Nhanh Chm
V = 3 m/min = 1/20 m/s

Tng nng lng mt trong mt

chu trnh lm vic l A
N1 + N2 + N3 = 0 + 1.538 + 0.785 Y3
Cng tc p sut
= 2.323 kW P T
Hiu sut ca h thng l E2
[( 1.57 +1.57 -2.323 ) / (1.57
E1
+1.57 )] x 100% = 26 %

A B

Y1 P T Y2

Q = 23.55 l/min
40 bar

Cennitec
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C CU CHP HNH
Nhanh Chm

S dng mch vi sai

Tnh cc thng s c bn ca h thng Cng tc p sut

Y3

P T

E1

A B

Y1 P T Y2

40 bar

Cennitec
 le the truyen

C CU CHP HNH
Nhanh Chm
Giai an ra nhanh

q1 = 11.775 + 11.775 = 23.55 l/min

V t l din tch hai mt xy lanh l 2 : 1
nn khi xy lanh giai an kt ni vi sai
A
n nhn mt lu lng t bung thot Y3
ca n ng mt lng bng lu lng Cng tc p sut
P T
ca bm. Do vy, xy lanh i ra vi
vn tc l 3 m/min th lu lng ca q2 = 11.775 l/min
bm ch cn E1

23.55 / 2 = 11.775 l/min

Giai an xy lanh ra nhanh, tan b A B
nng lung c dng xy lanh c
vn tc nhanh. Giai an ny khng c Y1 P T Y2

lu lng b d nn nng lng tiu

hao v ch bng N1 = 0
Q = 11.775 l/min

40 bar

Cennitec
 le the truyen

C CU CHP HNH
Chm

Giai an ra chm

Gi s vn tc giai on ny cng l 60 mm/min. Cng tc p sut

Khi van E cn chnh lu lng thot ra t xy A

lanh l 0.24 l/min. Lu lng xy lanh nhn t bm Y3

l P T

q1 = 2 x 0.24 = 0.48 l/min

2 x 0.24 = 0.48 l/min
Vy lu lng d l E1 q2 = 0.24 l/min

11.775 0.48 = 11.295 l/min

Nng lng mt mt giai an ny l A B
N2 = (P x Q)/600 = (40 x 11.295) / 600 = 0.753 kW

Qd = 11.775 0.48 = 11.295 l/min

Y1 P T Y2

Q = 11.775 l/min
40 bar

Cennitec
 le the truyen

C CU CHP HNH
Chm
Giai an v v = 3 m/min = 1/20 m/s

giai an ny xy lanh nhn ht lu lng

ca bm l 11.775 l/min v vi vn tc l 3 Cng tc p sut

m/min. Nh vy khng c lu lng d x Y3

A

qua van gii hn p sut. Nng lng mt P T

giai an ny l N3 = 0.
Tng nng lng mt trn 1 chu k lm vic
E1
l:
N1 + N2 +N3 = 0 + 0.753 + 0 = 0.753 kW
Cng sut cung cp l A B

N = P x Q / 600 = (40 x 11.775) / 600 = 0.785

Y1 P T Y2
kW
Hiu sut ca h thng l
[(0.785 + 0.785 0.753) / (0.785 + 0.785)] x
Q = 11.775 l/min
100 = 52 % 40 bar

Cennitec
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C CU CHP HNH
Bng tng kt trong trng hp mch truyn thng v mch vi sai

Truyn thng Vi sai

Xy lanh D = 100 mm, d = 70 mm D = 100 mm, d = 56 mm

Bm 23.55 l/min 11.775 l/min

ng c 1.57 kW 0.785 kW

Hiu sut 26% 52%

Cennitec
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C CU CHP HNH
Mch cc xy lanh mc song song v ni tip
Xy lanh 1 Xy lanh 2

18 kN 12 kN
Xy lanh 1 Xy lanh 2

18 kN 12 kN

D1 = 76.2 mm D2 = 63.5 mm
d1 = 38.1mm d2 = 31.75 mm

T bm

V b cha

140 bar
Hai xy lanh c chuyn ng ng thi hay khng?

Cennitec
 le the truyen

C CU CHP HNH
Hai xy lanh c chuyn ng ng thi hay khng?
Xy lanh 1 Xy lanh 2

18 kN 12 kN

140 bar

Cennitec
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C CU CHP HNH
Xy lanh mc ni tip Xy lanh 1 Xy lanh 2

18 kN 12 kN

D1 = 76.2 mm D2 = 63.5 mm
d1 = 38.1mm d2 = 31.75 mm

T bm

V b cha

Tng p sut cn cho xy lanh 1 l:

Pc1Ac1 = Ff1 + Pr1ar1 + FL1
Pc1 = (2028.38 + 42.41 x 105 x 34.18 x 10-4 + 18 x 103) / 45.58 x 10-4
= 757.5 x 104 (N/m2)
= 75.75 bar
Khi p sut t ti gi tr 75.75 bar th hai xy lanh chuyn ng ng thi.
Cennitec
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C CU CHP HNH
H thng hai xy lanh mc ni tip c b du Van gii hn p sut

V1

V2

Van tun t

A B ng b du

Y1 P T Y2

Cennitec
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Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

Mch dng xy lanh kp

C2

C1

Y3

Y1 Y2

Cennitec
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Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

Giai an ra nhanh
C2

C1

Y3

Y1 Y2

Cennitec
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Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

Giai an p
C2

C1

Y3

Y1 Y2

Cennitec
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Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

Xy lanh i v
C2

C1

Y3

Y1 Y2

Cennitec
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Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

Xy lanh nhiu ti
R3 C1

R2

Y3
S2

C2
S3

R1

Y1 Y2

S1

Cennitec
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Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

Ra nhanh
R3 C1

R2

Y3

S2

C2

R1
S3

Y1 Y2

M S1

Cennitec
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Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

Ra chm
R3 C1

R2

Y3

C2 S2

R1

Y1 Y2
S3

S1

Cennitec
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Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

H thng li thy lc

H thng li thy lc

V tr ngh

Van chng sc

V-lng

B phn chuyn mch

Van gii hn p sut

Bm

Cennitec
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Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

iu khin sang tri

iu khin sang tri

Cennitec
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Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

L R

Ngai lc tc ng ln bnh xe

B iu chnh lu lng
Van chng sc x p sut

B chuyn mch ng

Cennitec
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Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

Chn kch thc ti xy lanh

Ti xy lanh thy lc s b ko hoc nn khi ti tc ng ln n. Do vy kch thc

ca n phi ln chng un khi ti tc ng. L thuyt Euler v ko nn
c dng tnh kch thc ca ti xy lanh thy lc:
K = EJ / L2
Trong
K = ti ti hn (kg) , E = moun n hi ca vt liu (kg/cm2) (2.1 x 106 kg/cm2 i
vi thp), J = M-men qun tnh ca ti (cm4) (d4/64 vi d l ng knh ti), v L
= chiu di qui c, n ph thuc vo cch g t xy lanh

Cennitec
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Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

l
l

L=l

l
L = 2l

L = chiu di qui c, n ph thuc vo cch g t xy lanh

l
L = l/2

L = l/(2)

Cennitec
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Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

Mt my p thy lc c s h thng c trnh by nh trong hnh 5.36 cng
vi ch lm vic. Xy lanh p i ra vi ti l 7t nng dng c. Khi tip xc
vi chi tit, p sut h thng tng ln v kch hat cng tc p sut chuyn h
thng ang ch vi sai sang ch truyn thng nhm tng lc p. Cng tc
p sut c ci gi tr cao hn 20% so vi gi tr cn nng ti. Lc ln nht
m xy lanh c th to ra l 20t. hnh trnh lm vic ca xy lanh l 1.7 m. Xc nh
kch thc ca xy lanh. p sut ln nht ca h thng khng c vt qua 250
bar.

Cennitec
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Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

1.7 m

Vn tc xy lanh
(m/min)

15

5
Cun dy
Trng thi Cng tc p sut
a b c

X ti 0 0 0 0
Ti
20 t 1 1 0 0
Vi sai
Cng tc p sut lm vic b c
Truyn thng 1 1 1 1

Tr v 1 0 0 0

7t 1 = Cp ngun
2 = Ngt ngun a
Hnh trnh i ra

Cennitec
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Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

ng knh ti xy lanh
Ti ti hn trong trng hp ny l:
K = EJ / L2
vi K = 20 t = 20 000 kg, E = 2.1 x 106 kg/cm2 v J =d4/64, d l ng knh ti xy
lanh, v L l chiu di qui c.
Chiu di qui c trong trng hp ny c tnh nh sau:
L =l/(2) = 1.7 / (2) = 1.2 m
= 120 cm
ng knh yi xy lanh c tnh nh sau:
d4 = (64 x L2 x K) / (3 x E)
= (64 x 1202 x 20 000) /( 3 x 2.1 x 106)
= 283 cm4
Vy d = 4.1 cm
d = 41 mm
Nu tnh theo h s an ton l 3.5 th ng knh ti c xc nh nh sau:
K = 3.5 x 20 t = 70 t
d4 = (64 x L2 x K) / (3 x E)
= (64 x 1202 x 70 000) /( 3 x 2.1 x 106)
= 991 cm4
Vy d = 56 mm Cennitec
 le the truyen

Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

ng knh piston
Lc = 20 t
p sut ln nht = 250 bar
Hiu sut xy lanh = 0.9
Din tch piston c tnh nh sau:
A = (20 x 103 x 9.81) / (250 x 105 x 0.9) (Nm2/N)
= 0.00872 m2
A = D2/4
Vy
D = [0.00872 x (4/)]1/2
= 0.105 m = 105 mm
Theo tiu chun, xy lanh c chn c kch thc nh sau: D = 125 mm, d = 70 mm.
Vi xy lanh ny, p sut cn cung cp to ra lc 20 t l:
P = (20 000 x 9.81) / [(/4) x 0.1252 x 0.9] (N/m2)
= 177.7 bar

Cennitec
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Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

Trong thi gian thc hin ch vi sai ti ca h thng l 7t, p sut cn

cung cp cho xy lanh giai an ny l:
(7000 x 9.81) / [(/4) x 0.072 x 0.9] = 198.4 bar
Cng tc p sut cn ci gi tr ln hn 20% so vi p sut trn, vy
cng tc p sut c ci vi gi tr l:
198.4 + 20% = 238 bar
Lu lng cn cung cp cho xy lanh giai on vi sai bng tch ca din
tch ti v vn vn tc, l:
[( x 0.072) / 4] x (15/60) (m3/s) = 57.7 l/min
Lu lng cn cp cho xy lanh giai on mch truyn thng l:
[( x 0.1252) / 4] x (5/60) (m3/s) = 31.3 l/min
Vy bm cn phi cung cp lu lng ti thiu l 61.3 l/min.

Cennitec
 le the truyen

Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

Mch kn

15-20 bar

M Mch make-up

Cennitec
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Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

Mch kn b du nh lc trng trng

Brake van

Cennitec
 le the truyen

Mt s mch c bit v xy lanh

Mch kn vi mch lm ti

RV1

15-20 bar
RV2
Motion control valve

RV3

Mch make-up

Cennitec
CENNITEC

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