CENNITEC

BNH TCH P

LE THE TRUYEN
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BNH TCH P
Trong cc h thng truyn ng thy lc
i khi du cn c lu tr di dng
nn cung cp cho cc c cu chp
hnh. Khng ging nh kh, lu cht
khng th nn c t to p sut. a)Bnh tch p ti b) Bnh tch p c)Bnh tch p dng d)Bnh tch p dng
l xo khi lng
Thng thng, du s dng trong cc h kh piston

thng thy lc c m-un n hi t 1-2

GPa, nh vy, kh nng tch nng lng
ca du rt km.
Mt lt du di p sut 15 MPa tch mt
nng lng khong chng 80 J. Do vy
bnh tch p c s dng gii quyt
vn ny. Du c lu tr v nn e) f) g) h)
trong bnh tch p nh mt p sut bn
ngai.

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BNH TCH P
Hu ht cc bnh tch p c s dng gii quyt cc vn sau:
1. H tr vo lu lng ca bm cung cp cho h thng
2. Duy tr p sut cho xy lanh trong lc bm x ti hoc ngng hat ng
3. Cung cp nng lng d phng khi h thng b h hng
4. Gim sc v gim rung ng

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BNH TCH P
Dung lng ca bnh tch p
V0

Kh (N2) P2 V2

Va P1 V1

on nhit (Adiabatic)
Va
P0 V0

ng nhit (Isothermal)

P0 P1 P2

Qu trnh nn kh trong bnh tch p c th trnh by qua cng thc sau

Trong ,
P0 = p sut np cho kh, Pa, (p sut tuyt i) Nu qu trnh nn kh
P1 = p sut lm vic nh nht, Pa, (p sut tuyt i) l ng nhit th n =
P2 = p sut lm vic ln nht, Pa, (p sut tuyt i) 1, khng ng nhit
V1 = Th tch kh ti p sut P1, m3. th 1 < n < 1.4, v
V2 = Th tch kh ti p sut P2, m3. on nhit n = 1.4
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BNH TCH P

Dung lng lm vic ca bnh tch p l th tch Va, c nh ngha nh l th tch

du vo/ra t bnh tch p p sut P trong khong lm vic P1 v P2.

1 1

P0 P0 n
n P0 P0

Va V1 V2 V0 Va V1 V2 V0
P1 P2
1 2
P P


Qu trnh khng ng nhit Qu trnh ng nhit

Nu qu trnh nn kh l ng nhit th n = 1, khng ng nhit th

1 < n < 1.4, v on nhit n = 1.4

p sut np P0 phi nh hn p sut lm vic nh nht P1 m bo bnh tch

p vn hnh ng chc nng ca n. Nu iu ny khng c tha mn, khi p
sut lm vic tr nn nh hn P0, kh s gin n v lm y khng gian bn
trong ti kh v bnh tch p s ngng hot ng. V vy, p sut np cho bnh
tch p c chn trong khong P0 = (0.7 to 0.9) P1
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BNH TCH P
Dng bnh tch p b sung lu lng ca bm

Mt vi h thng thy lc cn mt lng ln th tch du trong thi gian ngn,

v d cn di chuyn nhanh mt xy lanh c kch thc ln kp i tng.

Trong lc kp i tng, h thng hu nh khng cn hc cn rt t lu lng.

Nh vy, nu h thng lm vic c thi gian ngng di th bnh tch p c th
s dng gim kch thc ca cc thnh phn thy nh nh bm, ng c,
b du v van gii hn p sut.

Gi thnh ca bnh tch p s c n b bng vic gim kch thc ca cc

thnh phn thy lc, nhng u im ca vic dng bnh tch p l chi ph vn
hnh s gim i ng k.

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BNH TCH P
Thi gian thc hin mt chu k l
12.5 s. Hnh trnh i ra ca xy lanh
h thng cn tan b nng lng,
trong khi hnh trnh i v xy lanh cn
lc rt nh.

Vn gim kch thc ca bm v Van cn bng Thi gian thc hin 1 chu k
12 s
ng c tr nn khng th nu xy Thi gian ngh gia 2 chu k
45 s
lanh lm vic lin tc. Tuy nhin, thi
gian ch gia cc chu k lin tip l
45 s, v vy kch thc ca bm v
ng c c th gim n 70% nu
bnh tch p c s dng. 140 bar

125 HP
M
454 l/min

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BNH TCH P

H thng mi dng bnh tch p

b sung lu lng cho bm.
Van phn phi trong trng hp Bnh tch p

ny vn gi nguyn, lu lng
lm vic ca van l 454 l/min. V

p sut np 115 bar

Van cn bng Thi gian thc hin 1 chu k
12 s
Thi gian ngh gia 2 chu k
p sut lm vic ti thiu l 140 45 s

bar nn du phi c nn vo
bnh tch p c p sut cao hn,
v vy van gii hn p sut ci
gi tr l 200 bar.

Sau khi b sung bnh tch p (2)Van dng x bnh tch

p

vo h thng, kch thc bm p sut lm vic 140 bar

gim xung vi lu lng l 100

l/min v kch thc ng c M
100 l/min

gim xung vi cng sut l 40 200 bar (1) Van gii hn p sut/x
40 HP

HP. ti

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BNH TCH P
Trong h thng ny hai bm
c s dng. Mt bm c lu
lng l 5 l/min, bm cn li c Bnh tch p

lu lng thay i vi lu

p sut np 115 bar

Van cn bng Thi gian thc hin 1 chu k
lng ln nht l 22 l/min. Bm 12 s
Thi gian ngh gia 2 chu k

ny c iu khin theo ch 45 s

cn bng p sut (xem

chng 2). Cng tc p sut
c ci gi tr 190 bar. Khi
p sut ca h thng t n
Cng tc p sut
190 bar

gi tr ny, bm c lu lng 24 VDC

22 l/min x ti v b cha du. (2)Van dng x bnh tch

p
Y1

Bm cn li tip tc cp du p sut lm vic 140 bar

cho h thng duy tr p sut

khng i l 195 bar vi nng
5 l/min
220 bar
M 22 l/min

lng mt mt t nht. 195 bar

210 bar (1) Van gii hn p sut/x
ti

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BNH TCH P
H thng cn p sut trong ton b thi gian lm vic vi bm c th tch
ring c nh

Mt vi h thng cn p sut trong

ton b thi gian lm vic gi v
tr hay duy tr lc kp. H thng
trong hnh 4.7 cng gi p sut trong
cc xy lanh khi cc xy lanh dng,
nhng nhit tng qu cao v l
mt thit k khng tt v duy tr p
sut bm phi hat ng lin tc
p sut cao, nhng phn ln nng 150 bar
lng to ra b bin thnh nhit v 80 l/min

bm phi x lu lng d qua van

M
gii hn p sut. 80 l/min

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BNH TCH P

Mt thit k khc c th l tt hn
so vi thit k va trnh by c
gii thiu trong hnh 4.8.
H thng s dng hai bm, bm c
lu lng ln nhm cung cp lu
lung cho xy lanh thc hin vn
tc nhanh. Khi cc xy lanh v tr
ngng, bm c lu lng ln x ti
qua h thng van gii hn p sut
tc ng gin tip, bm c lu
lng nh tip tc cung cp lu Y1

lng duy tr p sut. Thit k

ny tuy l c gim nng lng tiu
120 bar
hao v ch nhng cha phi l 150 bar

M
phng n tt nht. 15 l/min
65 l/min

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BNH TCH P

Bm trong h thng hnh 4.9

x ti nh h thng bnh tch
p-van x ti. H thng van
ny cho php tan b lu
lng ca bm n c bnh
tch p v xy lanh khi p sut
ca h thng cha t n gi
tr ti hn. Khi p sut t
ti gi tr ti hn c ci cho
van x ti, van ny m cho
php tan b lu lng bm
v b cha du vi p sut rt
thp, khang chng 3-4 bar. (2)Van dng x bnh tch

Khi bm x ti, bnh tch p

p

nn du ngc li h thng,
v nh c van mt chiu m
M

p sut ny c duy tr. (1) Van gii hn p sut/x

ti

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BNH TCH P
Bnh tch p c dng nh ngun khn cp
Cc h thng thy lc
thng khng lm vic c
nu bm khng hat ng.
Mt vi trng hp trong
cng nghip my phi thc
hin ht chu trnh m Y1
bo an ton ngay c khi Y3 Y4
Y2

bm b h hng. Trong
trng hp ny bnh tch p
c dng lu tr mt
nng lng cung cp
M
cho xy lanh lm vic n v
tr an ton khi bm b h
hng.

Khi ngun h thng b hng, bm ngng hat ng, cc cun dy Y1 v Y2 cng

ngng c cp ngun. Bnh tch p bm du trc tip n xy lanh thc hin
vic ng ca. Cennitec
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BNH TCH P
Dng bnh tch p duy tr p sut trong thi gian di v cung cp lu lng nh

Mt s cc h thng thy lc,

chng hn nh trong cc my
cn, cn phi duy tr p sut
trong thi gian di nhng ng
thi cng cn c lu lng
xy lanh dch chuyn. Dng bm Van x 1.1
Van cn bng

c th tch ring thay i cng

Y1 Y2
c th thc hin c iu ny,
nhng nng lng mt do r r
bn trong bm s lm cho h
5 bar

thng tng nhit. Mt phng

n khc l dng bm c th tch
ring c nh v bnh tch p M

nh c trnh by trong hnh

4.16.

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BNH TCH P

Khi cun dy Y1
c cp ngun, du
t bm cp vo xy
lanh lm xy lanh i ra Van cn bng
nhng ng thi du Van x 1.1

cng c nn vo Y1 Y2

bnh tch p (hnh

4.17). 5 bar

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BNH TCH P
Khi xy lanh bt u tp xc vi i
tng v giai an p bt u, p
sut h thng tng ln v du np
y vo bnh tch p, cng tc p
sut chuyn i trng thi hat ng
lm mt ngun cun dy Y1, v a Van cn bng

van phn phi 4/3 tr v trng thi Van x 1.1

ngh. Bm x du v b cha vi p Y1 Y2
l
sut cn l 5 bar. Nh p sut cn
ny m van x lun ng ngn 5 bar

khng cho du t bnh tch p tr v

b cha.Bnh tch p nn du tr ra
h thng v duy tr p sut cho xy M

lanh. Bnh tch p phi c th tch

ln c th cp du cho xy
lanh thc hin hnh trnh l m s
st p khng qua ln

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BNH TCH P
Dng bnh tch p tng vn tc lm vic ca xy lanh
Cng ging nh cch mch dng D
bnh tch p, cn phi c thi gian
np du vo bnh tch p. Qu trnh
np du ny c chn thc hin
hnh trnh v ca xy lanh. E
Van cn bng

Khi xy lanh v n cui hnh trnh, p 1.1 F

sut h thng tng v bnh tch p bt Cng tc p sut

u c np du qua van mt chiu E. J 190 bar

24 VDC

Khi p sut t ti gi tr 190 bar, cng

tc p sut chuyn trng thi lm mt Y1

ngun cun dy Y1, cho php bm x

du v b cha qua van gii hn p 220 bar
sut. Lc ny van B vn ng nh p M

sut ca ng iu khin (1.1), p sut

ny khong chng 3 4 bar
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BNH TCH P

Khi van phn phi chuyn i Van cn bng

trng thi iu khin xy lanh i E

ra, p sut ti cng tc p sut B

gim, cun dy Y1 c cp A

ngun v bm khng cn x du Lu lng t bnh tch p

v b cha c na. Thi im F

Cng tc p sut
ny bnh tch p tr du ngc li J 190 bar

h thng qua van mt chiu F. 24 VDC

Lu lng t bnh tch p cng Y1

vi lu lng ca bm lm cho Lu lng t bm

xy lanh ra nhanh.
220 bar
M

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BNH TCH P
im c bic ca van ny l Van x dng cho bnh tch p
tit din AX ln hn rt nhiu so H thng

vi tit din AA. Phng trnh

cn bng ca con trt van l: AX

PA x AA = PX x AX
Hay
X
PX = PA x (AX / AA)
Trong PX l p sut ti ca
X, v PA l p sut ti ca A
Van x
ca van.
Nu t l cc tit din l AX / AA =
100:1, th ch cn p sut
Y1
B

khang chng 3 bar ti ca X l A

c th cn bng c p sut B

300 bar ti ca A. Khi p sut ti AA

X
M
ca X bng 0 (trng hp bm A

ngng hat ng) p sut ti

ca A lm van m, cho php
du t bnh tch p tr v b
cha du. Cennitec
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BNH TCH P
L xo thy lc

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BNH TCH P
x
A
P, V VL F
Kh Du

VL Ax k
dF

nV0n A2
P
n 1 0
dx (V0 Ax)
Vg V0 VL V0 Ax Trong ,
k = cng l xo thy lc, N/m
P(V0 Ax) n P0V0n VL = th tch cht lng trong bnh tch p, m3
A = din tch piston, m2
AP0V0n x = dch chuyn ca piston
F PA V0 = th tch kh, th tch bnh tch p, m3
(V0 Ax) n P0 = p sut kh np ban u, Pa
P = p sut lm vic, Pa
n = h s n nhit
F = lc l xo, N
Cennitec
CENNITEC

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