TRNG THCS THNH TR

T HA SINH

Chng 3. MOL V TNH TON HA HC

Tit 25. BI 18. MOL
Dy tt Hc
Tt

GV. NG THANH SANG

 NI DUNG BI
Gm 3 phn:

1 Mol l g?

2 Khi lng mol l g?

Th tch mol ca cht

3
kh l g?
 1 Mol l g ?

1 t bt ch 1 chc trng

12 bt ch 10 qu trng
 Tho lun nhm: (5 pht)

1? mol Fe 1? mol H2

?
 ng sinh ti Turin nc trong
mt gia nh lut gia Italia.Nm
1806 ng c mi ging dy vt
l trng i hc Turin v bt
u tin hnh nghin cu khoa
hc. L ngi u tin xc nh
thnh phn nh tnh, nh lng
ca cc hp cht, pht minh ra
nh lut Avogaro xc nh v
Avogadro, nh Vt l, lng ca cc cht th kh, dn
Ha hc ngi n s pht trin r rng khi
nim quan trng nht ca ho
Sinh ngy 09 / 08 / 1776 hc: nguyn t, phn t,
Mt ngy 09 / 07 / 1856
 V d:
Tho lun nhm: (3 pht)
in t thch hp vo ch trng trong cc cu sau :
1) 1 mol nguyn t ng l lng ng cha..
6.1023
haynguyn
N t ng.
2) 2 mol nguyn t ng l lng ng cha..
12.1023
haynguyn
2N t ng.
3) phn
1 mol t nc l lng nc c cha N hay
6.1023 phn t nc.
4) ..phn
0,5 mol t nc l lng nc c cha 0,5N
hay 3.1023 phn t nc.
1 mol Fe 1 mol Cu
 N nguyn t N phn t
Fe
N phn t H2O
H2

56 g 18 g
2g

Tho lun nhm: (5 pht)

1. Khi lng ca N nguyn t Fe, N phn t H2 v N
phn t H2O l bao nhiu?
2. T cu 1, hy cho bit 1 mol Fe, 1mol H2 v 1 mol H2O
c khi lng l bao nhiu?
3. T 1 v 2, pht biu khi nim khi lng mol l g?
4. K hiu v n v ca khi lng mol l g?
 Cht NTK/PTK Khi lng mol (M)

Fe 56 vC
? 56 g/mol

H2 = 2.1 =? 2 vC 2 g/mol

= 2.1 + 16 =
H2O ? 18 g/mol
18 vC
Tho lun nhm: (5 pht)
Tnh NTK, PTK ca cc cht trong bng sau?
Cho NTK ca Fe = 56, H = 1 v O = 16.
Da vo bng s liu bn trn, hy so snh im
ging nhau v khc nhau gia NTK, PTK vi
khi lng mol?
 Cht NTK/PTK Khi lng mol (M)
Fe 56 vC 56 g/mol
H2 2 vC 2 g/mol

H2O 18 vC 18 g/mol

Khc nhau
NTK/PTK Khi lng mol (M)
Khi lng ca 1 nguyn t Khi lng ca 6.1023 hoc
(phn t). N nguyn t (phn t).
n v tnh: vC n v tnh: g/mol
Ging nhau
C cng s tr
 V d:
Tho lun nhm: (2 pht)
Hy tnh khi lng mol ca cc cht sau
Cho: O = 16, C =12
Khi lng mol ca nguyn t oxi:
M O = 16 g/mol
Khi lng mol ca phn t oxi l bao nhiu?
M O2 = 2.16 = 32 g/mol
Khi lng mol ca phn t CO2 l bao nhiu?
M CO2 = 12 + 2.16 = 44 g/mol
 3 Th tch mol ca cht kh l g ?

M hnh ca mt mol cht kh bt k trong

cng iu kin nhit v p sut .

1 mol H2 1 mol O2 1 mol CO2

Th tch mol ca Th tch mol Th tch mol ca

cht kh H2 ca cht kh O2 cht kh CO2
Tho lun nhm: (1 pht)
1.Th tch mol ca cht kh chim bi bao nhiu mol cht kh?
2. Th tch mol ca cht kh chim bi bao nhiu phn t cht
kh?
 Trong cng iu kin v nhit
v p sut

H H

H H O O

1 Mol H2 1 Mol O2 1 Mol CO2

M H2 = 2 g/mol
? M O2 = 32 ?
g/mol M CO2=44 ?
g/mol

V H2 = V O2 = V CO2
M hnh ca mt mol cht kh bt k trong cng
iu kin nhit v p sut .

1 mol H2 1 mol O2 1 mol CO2

H2 = 2g/mol O2 = 32g/mol = 44g/mol

CO2

iu kin tiu chun (ktc) l 00C v 1atm :

H2 O2 CO2

iu kin bnh thng l 200C v 1atm :

H2 O2 CO2
 V d:
Tho lun nhm: (3 pht)
in s thch hp vo ch trng trong cc cu sau:
Hy tnh th tch ca cc cht kh sau ( ktc)

S mol phn t Th tch mol (V) ca cht kh

ca cht kh ( ktc).
1 mol phn t Cl2 22,4 lit
= ..
Cl2

0,5 mol phn t Cl2 Cl

0,5 x 22,4 = 11,4 lit
=
2

2 mol phn t Cl2 Cl2=

2 x 22,4 = 44,8 lit
.........
 Khi nim khi lng mol

K hiu: M

n v: g/mol

Tnh khi lng mol

chnh l tnh PTK/NTK

Khi nim th tch mol

1 mol = 6.1023 = N ktc: V = 22,4 lt

 KIM TRA BI C
Tnh khi lng mol ca cc cht sau:
C, O2, H2, H2O, CO2
Cho bit nguyn t khi ca cc nguyn t:
C = 12, O = 16, H = 1
 TRNG THCS THNH TR
T HA SINH

BI 19. CHUYN I GIA KHI LNG,

TH TCH V LNG CHT
Dy tt Hc
Tt

GV. NG THANH SANG

 *V d: Bit MCO = 44 g/mol
2
1 mol CO2 c khi lng l 44 gam
Vy 0,25 mol CO2 c khi lng l bao nhiu?
V n mol CO2 c khi lng l bao nhiu?
1 mol nguyn t (phn t) c khi lng l M gam
n mol nguyn t (phn t) c khi lng l bao nhiu?
Bi lm
Khi lng ca n0,25 mol CO2 l: x (g)
= 11 (g)
Khi lng ca n mol nguyn t (phn t) l: x (g)
 1 mol nguyn t (phn t) c khi lng l M (g)
n mol nguyn t (phn t) c khi lng l n . M (g)
*Nhn xt:
t n: s mol cht
M: l khi lng mol cht
m: l khi lng cht

Ta ly s mol cht nhn viMun

khi tnh khimol cht .
lng
lng ca mt
cht ta lm nh
m = n . M th no?
(g)
* V d: Tnh s mol ca 32 gam Cu?
*V d: Tnh khi lng mol ca hp cht A,
bit rng 0,125 mol cht ny c khi lng l
bao nhiu?
 p dng:

p dng 1: Hy tnh khi lng ca nhng

lng cht sau:
1.0,5 mol H; 0,1 mol Cl
2.0,5 mol H2; 3 mol O2.
3.0,1 mol H2O; 0,15 mol HCl; 0,05 mol Al2O3,
0,15 mol CuSO4
 p dng:

p dng 2: Hy tnh tng khi lng ca hn

hp cc cht sau:
1.0,15 mol H2; 0,2 mol O2.
2.0,1 mol H2O; 0,05 mol HCl; 0,3 mol Al2O3,
0,2 mol CuSO4
 p dng:

p dng 3: Hy tnh s mol ca cc cht sau:

1. 2 gam H; 7,1 gam mol Cl
2.0,4 gam H2; 3,2 gam O2.
3.9 gam H2O; 3,65 gam HCl; 1,02 gam Al2O3,
8 gam CuSO4
 p dng:

p dng 4: Hy tnh tng s mol ca cc cht

sau:
1.0,1 gam H2; 6,4 gam O2.
2.10,95 gam HCl; 7,65 gam Al2O3, 16 gam
CuSO4