Ethnocentrism

Stereotyping

Prejudice

Racism
 Ethnocentrism

William Sumner the view of things in which

ones own group is the center of everything, and
all others are scaled and rated with reference to
it.

The tendency to use the categories of ones own

culture to evaluate the actions of others
 Stereotyping

A selection process used to organize

and simplify perception of others. A
form of generalization
Walter Lippman
 Categories of Stereotyping
Regions of the world
(Asians, Arabs, South Americans, Africans)

Countries
(Japan, China, France, Great Britain)

Regions within Countries

(northern Indians, southern Indians, US
Midwesterners, US Southerners)
 Categories of Stereotyping
Cities
(New Yorkers, Parisians, Londoners)

Cultures
(English, French, Latino, Russian, Thai, Navajo)

Religion
(Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish, Christian)
 Categories of Stereotyping
Age
(young, old, middle-aged, children, adults)

Occupations
(teacher, doctor, mechanic, musician, civil
servant)

Relational Roles
(mother, friend, father, sister, brother)
 Categories of Stereotyping

Physical characteristics
(short, tall, fat, skinny)

Social class
(wealthy, poor, middle class)
 Prejudice
Prejudice is behaviour that ignores
evidence that is not consistent with
a biased viewpoint or in some way
distorts the evidence to fit their
prejudices. Prejudiced thinking
is dependent on stereotypes
- Gordon Allport
Prejudice has been employed by
cultures to oppress entire groups of
people and to make it virtually
impossible for their members to
have access to political, economic
and social power. In this form,
prejudice is best considered as
racism.
 Racism
Racism is a tendency to categorize people
who are different culturally in terms of their
physical traits, such as skin colour, hair
colour and texture, facial structure and eye
shape - Robert Blaumer (a dated definition?)

Dalmas Taylor on racism: the cumulative

effects of individuals, institutions, and
cultures that result in the oppression of
ethnic minorities.
 Racism
Racism is often used synonymously with
prejudice, but the difference is power.
Racism refers to the tendency by groups
that control institutional and cultural power
to use it to keep at a disadvantage members
of groups who do not have access to the
same kinds of power.