Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Increase in population
Married at older age
Increase awareness on fertility treatments
Infertility VS. Impaired Fecundity
Five Reasons for Female
Infertility
1. Age (older than 35)
2. Smoking
3. Stress
4. Being overweight or underweight
5. Athletic training
Five Reasons for Male
Infertility
1. Sperm production problems
2. Blockage of sperm transport
3. Sexual problems
(erection and ejaculation
problems)
4. Hormonal problems
5. Sperm antibodies
Evaluation of Female
Infertility
Laboratory tests include: Imaging tests include:
Basal body Ultrasound
temperature Hysterosalpingography
Urine Sonohysterography
Progesterone Hysteroscopy
Thyroid function Laparoscopy
Prolactin level
Ovarian reserve
Evaluation of Male Infertility
Laboratory tests include: Imaging tests include:
A. True
B. False
References
American Pregnancy Association. (2016). Infertility medications. Retrieved November 15,
2016, from
http://americanpregnancy.org/infertility/infertility-medications/
American Urological Association. (2011). Retrieved from
https://www.auanet.org/education/guidelines/male-infertility-d.cfm
Chandra, A., Copen, C. E., Stephen, E. H. (2013). Infertility and Impaired Fecundity in
the United States, 19822010: data from the national survey of family growth.
Deka, P. K. & Sarma, S. (2010). Psychological aspects of infertlity. British Jounrnal of
Medical Practitioners, 3(3), 336-338. Retrieved from:
http://www.bjmp.org/files/2010-3-3/bjmp-2010-3-3-a336.pdf
Durham, R., & Chapman, L. (2014). Genetics, conception, fetal development, and
reproductive technology. Maternal-Newborn Nursing (p. 42). Philadelphia, PA: F. A.
Davis Company.
Eisenberg, E., & Brumbaugh, K. (2012, July 16). Infertility fact sheet. Retrieved from
https://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-
sheet/infertility.html
References cont.
Hasanpoor-Azghdy, S. B., Simbar, M., & Vedadhir, A. (2014). The emotional-psychological
consequences of infertility among infertile women seeking
treatment: Results of a qualitative study. Iran Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 12(1), 131-138.
doi: PMC4009564
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). (2016, September 02). Retrieved November 16, 2016, from
http://americanpregnancy.org/infertility/in-vitro-fertilization/
In Vitro fertilization (IVF). (2016, June 16). Retrieved November 16, 2016, from
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/in-vitro-fertilization/home/ovc-20206838
Mascarenhas, M. N., Flaxman, S. R., Boerma, T., Vanderpoel, S., Stevens, G. A. (2012). National,
Regional, and Global Trends in Infertility Prevalence Since
1990: a systematic analysis of 277 health surveys. PLoS Med 9(12): e1001356.
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001356
Massachusetts General Hospital. Womens Health Center. (n.d.). Fertility and mental health.
Retrieved from: https://womensmentalhealth.org/specialty-
McLachlan, R. (2016, March 23). Male Infertility - Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment
Retrieved from
https://www.andrologyaustralia.org/your-health/male-infertility/
References cont.
Peck, A. C. (2013, December 27). No rise in infertility, according to data released [Web
log post]. Retrieved from
http://www.infertility.org/no-rise-in-infertility-according-to-data-released/
Sigman, M. (2008, May). Therapeutic Insemination. The Global Library of Women's
Medicine. doi:10.3843/glowm.10336
Tarlatis, I., Tarlatzis, B. C>, Kiakogiannis, I., Bontis, J., Lagos, S., Gavrililidou, D., &
Mantalenakis, S. (1993). Psychosocial impants of infertility on greek
couples. Oxford Journals, 8(10), 396-401. Retrieved from:
http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org.ezproxy4.library.arizona.edu/content/8/3/396
clinics/infertility-and-mental-
health/?doing_wp_cron=1479360387.0308859348297119140625
Women's Health Care Physicians. (2012, June). Retrieved from
http://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Evaluating-Infertility
World Health Organization.(2016). Infertility definitions and terminology. Web. Retrieved
from
http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/infertility/definitions/en/