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8/1 Stress and Strain in Beams
8/1 Stress and Strain in Beams
BEAMS
8/2 BENDING BEAMS
LOADS ON BEAM PRODUCE STRESS
RESULTANTS, V & M
V
P
Non uniform bending -P
M P.a
Straight lines
8/6 RADIUS OF CURVATURE
Straight lines
remain straight
Planes remain plane
8/7 CURVATURE = 1/
.d ds dx
d
d
1
y
dx
ds
x
dx
d= dx
NORMAL STRAIN
L1= (-y)d
L1= dx - (y/)dx x= -(y/)dx/dx=-.y
L1- dx = -(y/)dx
L1
NEUTRAL AXIS
8/9 LONGITUDINAL STRAIN
Strain
1
max
x
y
1
1
max
8/10 LONGITUDINAL STRESS
Stress v Strain Strain Stress
8/11 NORMAL STRESS AND STRAIN
Strain Stress
1
max
x x = E.x
y
1
x M z
Tension c2
dA E. . y.dA 0
x y.dA 0
A
A A
First moment of area
8/14 MOMENT-CURVATURE EQN
dM x ydA
dA
c1
y
M x ydA .E. y dA
2
z
A A
I y dA
2
= moment of inertia c2
wrt neutral axis
A
M .E.I
8/15 FLEXURE FORMULA
FOR BENDING STRESSES
M .y
x E. . y
I
8/16 MAXIMUM STRESSES
OCCUR AT
THE TOP & BOTTOM FACES
8/17 MAXIMUM STRESSES
M .c1 M
y
1
1
C1 I S1
1 S1 = I/c1
x M Section modulus
M .c2 M
C2 2 2
I S2
8/18 I & S FOR BEAM
3
y b.h
I
12
b. 2
h 0 z S h
6
b
8/19 BEAM DESIGN
SELECT SHAPE AND SIZE SO THAT
STRESS DOES NOT EXCEED ALLOW
CALCULATE REQUIRED
S=MMAX/ALLOW
CHOOSE LOWEST CROSS SECTION
WHICH SATISFIES S
8/20 IDEAL BEAM
RECTANGULAR BEAM, SR=bh2/6=Ah/6
CYLINDRICAL BEAM, S=0.85.SR
IDEAL BEAM, HALF THE AREA AT
h/2
IDEAL BEAM, S=3.SR
STANDARD I-BEAM, S=2.SR
8/21 STRESSES CAUSED BY
BENDING
P=50kN
q=20kN/m
2.5m 3.5m RB
RA
h=0.7m
b=0.22m
8/22 V & M DIAGRAMS
V=89.2kN
V 39.2kN
-10.8kN
-80.8kN
M=160.4kNm
M
8/23 MAX FOR BEAM
y
2
b. 2 0.22 x0.7
S h 0.018m 3
6 6
h z
0
MAXIMUM STRESSES
M max 160.4kNm
C 3
8.9MPa
S 0.018m
T 8.9MPa
b