TRNG CAO NG CNG THNG

TP.H CH MINH
MN: K THUT S 2
TI : KHO ST V ADC & DAC
THNH VIN NHM 1:
1_TRNG VN TM
2_NGUYN CH I
3_TRN SN
4_DNG MINH THNG
1_ADC?
a_ Khi nim:
- ADC hay Mch chuyn i tng t ra
s hay Analog-to-digital converter, l mt linh kin bn
dn thc hin chuyn i mt i lng vt l tng t lin
tc no (thng l in p) sang gi tr s biu din ln
ca i lng .
b_s khi:
 c_Hot ng:
Hot ng c bn ca lp ADC thuc loi ny
nh sau:
Xung lnh START khi ng s hot ng ca
h thng.
Xung Clock quyt nh b iu khin lin tc
chnh sa s nh phn lu trong thanh ghi.
S nh phn trong thanh ghi c DAC chuyn
i thnh mc in th tng t VAX.
 B so snh so snh VAX vi u vo trng t VA.
Nu VAX < VA u ra ca b so snh ln mc cao.
Nu VAX > VA t nht bng mt khong VT (in
th ngng), u dra ca b so snh s xung mc
thp v ngng tin trnh bin i s nh phn
thanh ghi. Ti thi im ny VAX xp x VA. gi dtr
nh phn thanh ghi l i lng s tng ng
VAX v cng l i lng s tng ng VA,
trong gii hn phn gii v chnh xc ca h
thng.
Logic iu khin kch hot tn hiu ECO khi chu
k chuyn i kt thc.
 d_cc ch tiu k thut ca ADC:
phn gii:

- phn gi ca mt ADC biu th bng s bit

ca tn hiu s u ra. S lng bit nhiu sai s
lng t cng nh, chnh xc cng cao.
Di ng, in tr u vo:

-Mc logic ca tn hiu s u ra v kh nng

chu ti (ni vo u vo).
chnh xc tng i:
 -Nu l tng ha th tt c cc im chuyn iphi
nm trn mt ng thng. chnh xc tng i l
sai ds ca cc im chuyn i thc t so vi c
tuyn chuyn i l tng. Ngoi ra cn yu cu ADC
khng b mt bit trong ton b phm vi cng tc.
Tc chuyn i:

-Tc chuyn i c xc nh thi gian bi thi

gian cn thit hon thnh mt ln chuyn i A/D.
Thi gian ny tnh t khi xut hin tn hiu iu khin
chuyn i n khi tn hiu s u ra n nh.
 H s nhit :
-H s nhit l bin thin tng i tn hiu
s u ra khi nhit bin i 10C trong phm vi
nhit cng tc cho ph p vi iu kin mc
tng t u vo khng i.
T s ph thuc cng sut:
-Gi s in p tng t u vo khng i,
nu ngun cung cp cho ADC bin thin m nh
hng n tn hiu s u ra cng ln th t s ph
thuc ngun cng ln.
Cng sut tiu hao.
 e_ng dng:
ADC c ng dng trong cc lnh
vc sau:
o c trong vt l, ha hc, sinh hc, y hc, o
lng in,...
m nhc, hnh nh, truyn hnh truyn thng,...

Thng tin lin lc, thit b dn sinh,...

2_DAC?
a_khi nim:
-DAC hay Mch chuyn i s ra tng t,
hay Digital-to-analog converter, l mt Linh kin bn
dn thc hin chuyn i d liu k thut s (thng
l nh phn) thnh tn hiu tng t thng l in p.
b_s khi:
C_Nguyn l hot ng:
Thng thng th chuyn i DAC thc hin
bng mng in tr, vi s ng vo tng ng
vi s bit ca s liu, v mt ng ra. Gi tr in
tr c chn tng ng vi bc ca bit s,
to ra trng s bin i, sao cho khi in p vo
mc logic quy nh th phn ca bit gp vo
in p tng ng nh bc ca bit . Kt qu l
ng ra c mc in p tng ng vi gi tr s
ca ng vo.
 Doc s n gin, chuyn i DAC bng
mng in tr c th lm vic tn s tng i
cao.

Du vy trong thc t th ch to c mng

in tr chnh xc v n nh cao l kh khn v
cng ngh. N dn n gi thnh mng cao. V
th chip DAC thng b tr ghp knh, mng
in tr thc thi bin i cho nhiu ng tn
hiu. V d chip Cirrus Logic CS4382 l DAC 8
knh, v trong ng dng soundcard th s dng 2
ng.
D_ng dng:
Hin nay th ng dng ch yu ca DAC l hon
nguyn tn hiu trong cc thit b m thanh, t
cc dn ca cng nghip gii tr n my
tnh, in thoi di ng, PDA,... Ngoi ra n
c dng trong cc thit b y t, th nghim,...
c b iu khin dng s (my tnh hoc vi x
l) pht in p theo mc xc nh vo i
tng th nghim.
 DAC cn l thnh phn ca ADC du phy
ng, c th rp ri hoc ch sn thnh chip. Tn
hiu c a qua tin khuch i c mt modul
DAC iu chnh h s khuch dng nh phn,
sao cho tn hiu ra nm trong di ng ca ADC
chnh. Nhng DAC ny c bc bit thp, c 2 n
4.
SO SNH

ADC: tn hiu s l thao tc trn linh kin c

chc nng nh, c th l trn thanh ghi
(register); dn n cho php thi gian x l c
th ko rt di, qu trnh x l c th rt phc
tp, chc nng x l rt phong ph nhng b li
l h thng c th khng c tnh cht thi gian
thc (real time - p ng ca h thng c rt
nhanh, khi c tn hiu ng vo th gn nh c
lin tn hiu ng ra).
DAC : tn hiu tng t khng c linh kin nh (ch
c th lm delay trong thi gian ngn) dn n qu
trnh x l phi tht nhanh, n gin v do chc
nng x l cng n gin hn so vi x l s nhng b
li h thng c tnh cht real time.