CHEMISTRY 8

Mr Truong Nguyen Duc

THE CHEMISTRY OF CANDY
 WHAT IS CHEMISTRY ?

Chemistry is the
study of matter
and how matter
changes
EQUIPMENT RULES
- V
+ V vit c l, c nhn v ghi + Khng vit chung
thng tin; + Vit ngy thng; Cc tiu c
+ V nhp; vit bng bt .
+ Phiu bi tp ghi thng tin. + Kim tra v 1 ln/thng/HS
+ Bt vit, bt , bt ch, bt - Bi tp v nh
mu, thc k. + 40 pht
+ im h s 1.
+ HS c trch nhim nhn li v
chun b bi hoc lm bi tp v nh
theo lch hn ca GV
 THEME

ELEMENTS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE

ATOMS AND BONDING

CHEMICAL REACTIONS
THEME 1: ELEMENTS AND
THE PERIODIC TABLE
 THEME 1: ELEMENTS AND
THE PERIODIC TABLE

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into

ELEMENT
any other substances by chemical or physical means.

A group of two or more atoms held together

MOLECULE
by chemical bonds

VOCABULARY
 VOCABULARY

The basic particle from which all elements are made;

ATOM the smallest particle of an element that has the
properties of that element.

A tiny, negatively charged particle that moves

ELECTRON
around the outside of the nucleus of an atom.
 VOCABULARY

The central core of an atom which contains protons

NUCLEUS
and neutrons.

Small, positively charged particles that are found

PROTON
in the nucleus of an atom.
 VOCABULARY

ENERGY LEVEL A region of an atom in which electrons of the

same energy are likely to be found

A small particle in the nucleus of the atom, with

NEUTRON
no electrical charge.
 VOCABULARY
The number of protons in the nucleus of
ATOMIC NUMBER an atom.

An atom with the same number of protons and a

diferent number of neutrons from other atoms ISOTOPE
of the same element.

MASS NUMBER
The sum of protons and neutrons in
the nucleus of an atom.
 WORD MAP

Word

Word

Word Word

Word Word Word Word

 HOMEWORK

1. Vocabulary
2. My planet diary
 The basic particle from which all elements are made;
the smallest particle of an element that has the
properties of that element.

A group of two or more atoms held together

by chemical bonds

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into

any other substances by chemical or physical means.
 The basic particle from which all elements are made;
the smallest particle of an element that has the
properties of that element.

A group of two or more atoms held together

by chemical bonds

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into

any other substances by chemical or physical means.
THANK
YOU
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO ATOM
HOW DID ATOMIC THEORY DEVELOP?

ATOMOS,
UNCUTTABLE
 Daltons Model
Dalton thought that atoms were smooth, hard balls.

PREDICT: Based on this theory, would you expect a carbon

atom to have the same mass as an oxygen atom. Explain.
Thomsons Model
Thomson suggested that atoms had negatively
charged electrons set in a positive sphere. Each

electron is represented by the symbol e .
Rutherfords Gold Foil Experiment
Rutherford was surprised that a few particles were
deflected strongly. Which are the paths of the particles
that were not predicted by Thomsons atomic model?

Rutherfords Model
According to Rutherfords model, an atom was
mostly open space. The 6+ in the model
means that there are six protons in the nucleus.
Use the diagrams to compare the expected and
observed results of Rutherfords gold foil
experiment.
Bohrs Model
Niels Bohr suggested that electrons move in
specific orbits around the nucleus of an atom.
Cloud Model
Electrons move rapidly in different directions
around the nucleus.
 HOMEWORK

Timeline Developing of atomic theory

LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO ATOM
 TIMELINE OF ATOMIC THEORY

DEMOCRITUS (the Greek philosopher)

Atomos, uncuttable

430 BC 1803

DALTON (an English chemist)

Atom were like smooth, hard balls that could
not be broken into smaller pieces
 Daltons Model

PREDICT: Based on this theory, would you expect a carbon

atom to have the same mass as an oxygen atom. Explain.
 TIMELINE OF ATOMIC THEORY

THOMSON (an English physicist)

Atom had electron scattered
throughout a ball of positive charge

1897 1911

RUTHERFORD (Thomsons former student)

An atoms mass is mostly in the nucleus
The nucleus has a positive charge
Electrons in fixed orbit
Place a check () to show the paths of the particles
that were not predicted by Thomsons atomic model

b) Draw the observed path
of the charged particles.
Show at least one particle
that is deflected strongly.
 TIMELINE OF ATOMIC THEORY

BORH (Rutherfords student, a Danish scientist)

Electrons have definite orbits around the nucleus
Each possible eletron orbit has a fixed energy

1913 1920s

CLOUD MODEL
Electron move rapidly withing a
cloudlike region around the nucleus
What is the Modern Model of an Atom?

At the center of the atom is a tiny, dense nucleus

containing protons and neutrons.
Surrounding the nucleus is a cloudlike region of
moving electron

Identify: How
many protons
are in the
carbon atom?
Particles in an Atom
An atom is made up of protons, neutrons, and
electrons. What is the correct charge for each
atomic particle?
Isotopes of Carbon
All isotopes of carbon contain 6 protons. They
differ in the number of neutrons. What is the
missing information for each isotope?
 HOMEWORK

1. Review and Reinforce

2. My planet diary (p80)
THANK
YOU