Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Demam & Infeksi
Demam & Infeksi
CDC 2012
Medical Management: Anti RetroViral (ARV)
Class Drugs Mechanisms of action Indication
CCR5 antagonists Maraviroc Blocks CCR5, one of two major co- Approved for use in combination therapy of
receptors used by HIV-1 to attach to treatment-experienced adults with CCR5-tropic
host cells. HIV-1 infection.
Fusion inhibitors Enfuvirtide An anti-HIV peptide structurally similar Approved for use in combination therapy of
to a segment of the HIV protein (gp41). treatment-experienced adults with ongoing HIV
Blocks membrane fusion. replication despite current ART.
Nucleoside/ nucleotide abacavir Mimic deoxyribonucleoside Approved for use in combination therapy of
reverse transcriptase didanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate for treatment-naïve patients. ART therapy may be
inhibitors (NRTIs) emtricitabine reverse transcriptase. As they become NNRTI-based (1 NNRTI + 2 NRTI)
lamivudine incorporated into the growing DNA or
stavudine chain, they terminate elongation and PI-based (1 or 2 PIs + 2 NRTI).
zidovudine decrease or prevent HIV replication in
tenofovir (the only infected cells.
nucleotide RTI)
Non-nucleoside reverse efavirenz Bind near the catalytic site of reverse
transcriptase inhibitors etravirine transcriptase and inhibit a crucial step in
(NNRTIs) nevirapine the transcription of the RNA genome
into a double-stranded retroviral DNA
Protease inhibitors atazanavir Prevent cleavage of viral proteins during
(PIs) darunavir assembly and maturation, a process
fosamprenavir essential for the newly formed virus to
indinavir become infectious.
lopinavir
nelfinavir
ritonavir
saquinavir
tipranavir
Integrase strand raltegravir Blocks HIV-1 integrase, preventing viral Approved for use in combination therapy of
transfer (InST) DNA from integrating with host cell treatment-experienced adults infected with HIV
inhibitors DNA. strains resistant to multiple antiretroviral agents.
Kaitan perilaku & lingkungan dengan
infeksi HIV & masalah gizi
• Kelompok dengan perilaku berisiko tertular
HIV (MSM, Pekerja Seks, multipartner seksual,
IVDU)
• Lingkungan berhubungan dengan risiko infeksi
• Status malnutrisi: risiko infeksi, perburukan
klinis, gangguan pemulihan
Interaksi gizi dan pengobatan yang
diberikan
• Kasus dengan wasting syndrome nutrisi
ditingkatkan bertahap, waspada risiko
intoleransi laktosa pada prolonged diarrhea
• Kalori tinggi dengan protein tinggi untuk
kompensasi beban infeksi
Infeksi Virus Dengue: DF, DHF
• Etiologi: Virus Dengue (DEN)
– RNA virus, Family: Flaviviridae
– Serotypes: 5 (DEN 1,DEN 2, DEN 3, DEN 4, DEN 5)
– Vector borne (mosquitos: Aedes aegypti, A.
albopictus, A. polynesiensis, A. scutellaris ) viral
disease
PATHOGENESIS
Virus enters blood-
reticuloendothelial system and
bone marrow blood
Incubation period 3 – 10 days
Viremia 7 days after the entry