Observational Learning

Bandura hypothesized a four-step pattern that combined a cognitive

and operant view of learning.

Attention notices something in the environment

Retention remembers what was noticed

produces an action that is a copy of what was

Reproduction
noticed

consequence changes the probability the behavior

Motivation will be emitted again
Self efficacy
People are more likely to engage in certain behaviours when they believe they are capable of
executing those behaviours. This means they will have high self-efficacy. Self-efficacy can be seen as
self confidence towards learning and might be demonstrated in the following ways:
Joy: individuals typically choose activities they feel they will be successful in doing
Effort and persistence: individuals will put more effort into something when they anticipate they will
be successful
Learning and achievement: students with high self-efficacy tend to be better students and achieve
more
Factors in the development of self efficacy
Students have a good sense of what they can and cannot do. Often, they have accurate opinions about
their own self-efficacy. In any library program, the challenge is to increase student self-efficacy. There
are many factors that affect self-efficacy such as previous successes and failures, messages received
from others and successes and failures of others
Self regulation has come to be more emphasized in social learning theory. Self-regulation is when the
individual has his own ideas about what is appropriate or inappropriate behaviour and chooses
actions accordingly. There are several aspects of self regulation:
Setting standards and goals
Self observation
Self judge
Self reaction
Promoting self-regulation can be an important technique. It is usually done by teaching the individual
to reward himself after doing the needed task