Information technology

By
Neha Fatima
 Introduction
0 Information technology has been around for a long,
long time. Basically as long as people have been around,
information technology has been around because there
were always ways of communicating through
technology available at that point in time. There are 4
main ages that divide up the history of information
technology. Only the latest age (electronic) and some of
the electromechanical age really affects us today, but it
is important to learn about how we got to the point we
are at with technology today.
AGES
 Premechanical 3000B.C. - 1450A.D.

1. Writing and Alphabets--communication.

0 humans first started communicating they would
try to use language or simple picture drawings
known as petroglyths which were usually carved
in rock.
2.Paper and Pens--input technologies.
0 stylus
0 write on the papyrus plant
0 paper from rags, on which modern-day
papermaking is based.
3. Books and Libraries--Permanent Storage Devices.

The First Numbering Systems.

0 Hindus in India who created a nine-digit
numbering system.
0 Around 875 A.D. the concept of zero was
developed.
0 Now that numbers were created, people wanted
stuff to do with them so they created calculators.
0 A calculator was the very first sign of an
information processor. The popular model of that
time was the abacus.
 Mechanical -1450 - 1840

0 A lot of new technologies are developed in this era

as there is a large explosion in interest with this
area. Technologies like :
0 the slide rule (an analog computer used for
multiplying and dividing) were invented.
0 Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline which was a
very popular mechanical computer.
0 Charles Babbage developed the difference engine
which tabulated polynomial equations.
0 But no machine that can do more than one type of
calculation in one,like our modern-day calculators.
0 we are still learning about how all of our all-in-one
machines started.
0 Also, if you look at the size of the machines
invented in this time compared to the power
behind them it seems (to us) absolutely ridiculous
to understand why anybody would want to use
them, but to the people living in that time ALL of
these inventions were HUGE.
 Electromechanical 1840 -1940

These are the beginnings of telecommunication.

0 The telegraph
0 The morse code
0 The telephone
0 The radio
All of these were extremely crucial emerging
technologies that led to big advances in the
information technology field.
0 The first large-scale automatic digital
computer -Mark 1 This computer was 8ft
high, 50ft long, 2ft wide, and weighed 5 tons .
 Electronic – 1940-

0 The ENIAC

There are 4 main sections of digital computing.

0 The first was the era of
0 vacuum tubes and
0 punch cards like the ENIAC and Mark 1.
0 Rotating magnetic drums were used for internal storage.

0 The second generation

0 transistors,
0 magnetic tape, and
0 magnetic cores for internal storage. Also during this time high-level
programming languages were created such as FORTRAN and COBOL.
0 The third generation
0 integrated circuits,
0 magnetic tape was used throughout all computers,
and metal oxide semiconductors.
0 An actual operating system showed up around this
time along with the advanced programming language
BASIC.

0 The fourth and latest generation

0 CPUs (central processing units) which contained
memory, logic, and control circuits all on a single chip.
The personal computer was developed (Apple II).
Thank you!!!