CONCENTRATIONS OF

ACIDS AND ALKALIS

Concentration is refer to
the quantity of solute in a
given volume of solution,
which is usually 1 dm3.

Teacher, what is
the meaning of
concentration?
Concentration will become
higher.

How about the

concentration of the
solution if the amount of
solute dissolved greater?
The quantity of solute can be
measured in grams or moles.
This means concentration can
be defined in two ways.

How do we measure the

amount of solute
dissolved in a solution?
 Can you define the
concentration if we measure
in unit g/dm3 ?

Mass of solute (g)

Volume of solution (dm3)
How about if we measure in
unit mol/dm3 ?

Number of mole of solute (mol)

Volume of solution (dm3)
 However, the concentration
unit that is widely used by
chemist is molarity(mol/dm3)
or molar concentration(M).

So, we can expressed the

concentration in g/dm3 and
mol/dm3.
Can you state the meaning of
molarity?

Molarity is the number of moles

of solute that are present in 1
dm3 of solution.
 As the molarity of acid
increase, the pH value of the
acid decrease. For alkali, when
molarity increase, pH value
also increase.

What is the relationship between

the pH values and molarity of
acids and alkalis?
 EXAMPLES
Find :
(a)The concentration of a solution in grams per dm3 when
36.5 g of hydrogen chloride, HCl is dissolved in water to
make up 500 cm3 of solution.

(b) the molarity of a solution which is prepared by

dissolving 0.30 mol of sodium hydroxide, NaoH in
distilled water to make up 250 cm3 of solution.
INTER-CONVERTED OF THE 2 UNITS OF
CONCENTRATION

x Molar Mass
Molarity Concentration
(mol/dm3 ) (g/dm3 )
÷ Molar Mass
 EXAMPLE
 The molarity of a bottle of nitric acid,
HNO3 solution is 2.0 mol/dm3 . What is
the concentration of the solution in g/dm3 ?

Relative atomic mass: H, 1; N, 14; O, 16

 Molarity Number of mole of solute (mol)
Volume of solution (dm3)
 From the equation, we can calculate the number of mole of solute
by rearrange the formula:

Number of moles of solute = Molarity x volume of solution

(mol) (mol/dm3 ) (dm3 )

n = MV