PENGENALAN DAN

FUNGSI PENGHADAMAN
Digestive System

• Alimentary Canal: hollow tube extending from

mouth to anus
• Technically outside the body
• Covered with mucous membrane
• Accessory digestive organs – teeth, tongue,
gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas

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FUNCTIONS OF THE
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

1. Take in food
2. Break down the food
3. Absorb digested molecules
4. Provide nutrients
5. Eliminate wastes
The Digestive System
Digestive Tract Histology

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Serosa
(adventitia)
 Goals of the Digestive System
1. Extract nutrients from food

2. Transform nutrients into useful forms

Ex- oreo= glucose

3. Absorb nutrients and distribute them

where they are needed
 Functions of the Digestive
System
• Ingestion: intake of nutrients

• Digestion: breakdown of large particles into

smaller ones

• Absorption: uptake of nutrient molecules

• Defecation: elimination of undigested residues

Actions of the Digestive System
1. Motility
- Breaks up food
- Moves food through the GI tract (Peristalsis)
- Mixes with digestive enzymes
2. Secretion
- Release of enzymes and hormones for chemical
digestion and regulation
3. Membrane Transport
- Absorption of nutrients from the tissues by the
blood and lymph for transport
 Stages of Digestion
• Mechanical: physical breakdown of food

• Chemical: digestive enzymes hydrolyze food

particles to break larger molecules into smaller
ones

• Some nutrients are absorbed with out digestion

– Vitamins, minerals, cholesterol, water