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r
2
p ( r )
exp r 2
/ 2 2
, 0r
0 , r0
28.01.2018 Birol SOYSAL 4
DERS-3
Haberleşme Kanalı ve Modellenmesi
Ricean kanal modeli:
r
Br
2 exp r B / 2 I 0 2 , B 0 ve r 0
p ( r )
2 2 2
0 , r0
28.01.2018 Birol SOYSAL 5
DERS-3
Haberleşme Kanalı ve Modellenmesi
Doppler kayması:
2l 2vt
cos
1 v
fd cos
2 t
-10
Alýnan iþaretin seviyesi (dB)
-20
-30
-40
-50
0 10 20 30 40 50
Zaman (ms)
1,600
1,400
Olasýlýk yoðunluðu
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
0
35
4
49
98
8
73
87
11
30
62
46
97
13
88
23
09
66
01
45
10
68
41
26
84
16
04
21
00
08
12
.2
.0
.1
.1
.0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
1,400
Olasýlýk yoðunluðu
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0 5
3
06
8
58
88
0
23
41
12
47
03
25
90
69
10
16
07
12
14
07
67
47
27
87
08
15
03
19
07
11
.2
.0
.1
.0
.1
.0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
1,200
Olasýlýk yoðunluðu
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
80
98
71
89
67
10
50
28
41
19
58
66
96
01
31
18
45
88
75
23
10
53
06
19
00
13
22
02
04
08
11
15
17
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
Kanal katsayýsýnýn genliði
N
2vkTs 2vkTs
I k A cos i cos i B cos cos
i 1
N
2vkTs 2vkTs
Qk A sin i cos i B sin cos
i 1
B2
K (dB) 10 log 10
NA 2
1
exp ( x a ) / b , xa
f x ( x) b
0 , xa
1 -5
Normalize güç
-10
Genlik [dB]
0.8
0.6 -15
0.4 -20
0.2 -25
0 -30
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Gecikme (ns) Frekans
f x ( x) a exp x m / b
1.2 0
1 -5
Normalize güç
0.8 -10
Genlik [dB]
0.6 -15
0.4 -20
0.2 -25
0 -30
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Gecikme (ns) Frekans
f x ( x)
1
exp x a x / 2
2 2
x
2 2
x
1.2 0
1 -5
Normalize güç
-10
Genlik [dB]
0.8
0.6 -15
0.4 -20
0.2 -25
0 -30
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Gecikme (ns) Frekans
0.8
0.6
Normalize güç
0.4
0.2
0
0 50 100 150 200
Gecikme (ns)
-10
-20
Genlik [dB]
-30
-40
-50
-60
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Frekans
Üstel azalan
-10
Gaussian
-20
Laplacian
Genlik [dB]
-30
-40
-50
-60
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Frekans
h0 h1 h2 hL-1 hL AWGN
k
vk
Σ
Kanalın dallı gecikme hattı (Tapped Delay Line, TDL) filtre modeli
vk h0 xk h1 xk 1 h2 xk 2 hL1 xk L1 hL xk L k
L
v k hi x k i k
i 0
28.01.2018 Birol SOYSAL 25
DERS-3
Haberleşme Kanalı ve Modellenmesi
İstatistiksel kanal modeli (Rayleigh):
clear all;
amplit=[0.227; 0.460; 0.688; 0.460; 0.227];
%randn('seed',1);
for i=1:5
amplit(i)=amplit(i)/8;
end
for i=1:8
teta(i)=i*2*pi/8.0;
end
for i=1:5
for j=1:8
alfa(i,j)=2*pi*randn();
end
end
for i=1:5
f(i)=complex(0.0,0.0);
for j=1:8
ek=amplit(i)*complex(cos(alfa(i,j)),sin(alfa(i,j)));
f(i)=f(i)+ek;
end
end
28.01.2018 Birol SOYSAL 26
DERS-3
Haberleşme Kanalı ve Modellenmesi
İstatistiksel kanal modeli (Ricean):
ÖDEV: