KNOWLEDGE AND BASIC

SKILLS ON ARTS IN
EDUCATION
MUSICAL ART
 CONCEPTS OF MUSIC
 A basic definition of music (in the Western World) is the chronological
organisation of sounds; that is, making certain sounds at certain times,
which make melodic, rhythmic and harmonic sense.

 The first, most basic concept, is keeping the sounds "in time". This leads us to
some of the first few musical concepts: beat, rhythm and duration.

 Music is also the relationship between sound and silence. Duration and
rhythm apply to silence in the same manner as they apply to sound.

 Music is made up of many different things called elements. They are the
building blocks of music. When you compose a piece of music you use the
elements of music to build it.
 Melody

Tone
Rhythm colours

Texture Music Harmony

concepts

Shape Expression
 RHYTHM
 Rhythm is the most important part in music. Without rhythm there is no music.
 The most basic forms of music have no tune at all, just a rhythm.
 Take Native American drumming as a good example. Frequently all they have is those drums,
and yet the make music just the same. It’s just a basic rhythm, and it is enough to get your foot
tapping.
 The most common rhythm instrument you would see would be a drum or drum set.
 The rhythm is the beat. It is the most important element in music. It drives the music forward. It is
the gasoline of music. Rhythms can be simple or complicated.
 What we mean by this is that the short or long silences in between notes are often very
important. So how do composers write these silences? The silences are called "rests", and they
work the same way as notes do.
 What is a measure? it's just a section of one full beat. Are you confused? Here's an example:
four quarter notes make up one full beat. This makes sense because four quarters added
together is one. So, a quarter note lasts for a certain amount of time.
Simple Rhythmic Patterns
RHYTHMIC PATTERNS
 MELODY

• Melody is the tune of the music. If your hear a song, the line that your would
probably sing/hum is the melody.

• It is normally the highest (in pitch) notes of the song, but not always. Most of the
melodies use a combination of high and low notes.

• Melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm (some say "duration").

• Sometimes a melody is considered to be the theme of a composition. We might

characterize melody by its contour (rising or falling) and the size of the intervals in it.
 EXPRESSION (DYNAMIC AND MOOD)

 Musical expression is the art of playing or singing music with emotional

communication.

 The relative loudness or quietness of music fall under the general element of
dynamics.

 pianissimo [pp] = (very quiet) piano [p] = (quiet) mezzo-piano [mp] = (moderately
quiet) mezzo-forte [mf ] = (moderately loud) forte [f ] = (loud) fortissimo [ff ] = (very
loud)
 TONE COLOURS (TIMBRE)
 Timbre is the unique quality of an instrument’s sound; its “voice.”
 Timbre describes the difference between two tones played in the same pitch and
volume.
 Timbre (tone quality, color) is what differentiates two sounds in the same frequency
(same note). For example, the Do (C) note played in a guitar has a really different
sound of a Do (C) when played in keyboard or flute. This means that these
instruments have different timbres.
 HARMONY

 Harmony, in music, the sound of two or more notes heard simultaneously. In practice,
this broad definition can also include some instances of notes sounded one after the
other.

 Harmony is produced when two complementary notes sound simultaneously.

Harmony is found in chords, or can be played along a main melody.

 The sounding of two or more musical notes at the same time in a way that
is pleasant or desired. Harmony, melody, and rhythm are elements of music.
 SHAPE
 Shape notes are a music notation designed to facilitate congregational and
community singing. The notation, introduced in 1801, became a popular teaching
device in American singing schools.
 A melody that stays on the same pitch gets boring pretty quickly. As the melody
progresses, the pitches may go up or down slowly or quickly.

One can picture a line that goes up steeply when the melody suddenly jumps to a
much higher note, or that goes down slowly when the melody gently falls.
 TEXTURE
 In music, texture is how the melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic materials are
combined in a composition, thus determining the overall quality of the sound in a
piece.
 Texture is often described in regard to the density, or thickness, and range, or
width, between lowest and highest pitches, in relative terms as well as more
specifically distinguished according to the number of voices, or parts, and the
relationship between these voices.
Monophonic
 Literally meaning one voice, monophonic texture (monophony) refers to a single
melodic line, though it may be played by one or many instruments.
 The voices may be in exact unison or in different octaves, as long as the same
notes and rhythms are played.
 Nonpitched rhythmic accompaniment may be present as well. A few examples
of monophony include group singing of simple tunes such as “Happy Birthday” or
“The Star Spangled Banner,” a solo trumpet playing “Taps,” or someone whistling
a song.
Homophonic
 Homophonic texture (homophony) is the most common texture in Western music,
both classical and popular. It is defined as having one voice, a melody, which
stands out from background accompaniment.
 The accompaniment may be simple chords or a harmony with melodic interest, but
in either case, the main melody must be clearly distinguishable. Homophony can
be anything from a singer accompanied by guitar chords, to compositions by
classical composers.
Polyphonic
 Polyphonic texture (polyphony or counterpoint) involves multiple melodic
voices, all of equal importance, occurring simultaneously.
 This complex, dense texture is typical of Renaissance and baroque music. Keep
in mind, though, that multiple voices does not necessarily mean multiple
instruments; polyphonic music can be played on a single keyboard instrument
or guitar.
 TUTORIAL TASK
 In groups of 3, select A MODERN SONG through YOUTUBE by
any singers.

Present it to class. You have to describe and explain at least

five (5) concepts of music in the song.
TUTORIAL (PRACTICAL 2.15-4.15)
In a group of 5:
 Compose a song, put in your own lyrics
 Try to put in all the concepts of music that you
know
 Create your own musical instruments as a music
background
* Bring the relevant materials that you need to use on
Friday (10.02.2017)