INTRODUCTION

OF HISTOLOGY

Bagian Histologi
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya
 What

• Science of morphology microscopic of human body.

• The study of the structure and activities of the cells
• The study of the structure and activites of tissue of
human body
• The study of the microscopic anatomy and
histophysiology of the various organs
 Why

• Essenstial to an understanding of function of

tissues and organs and for recognizing and
interpreting their changes in disease
• Normal physiological processes are associated with
normal structure

• Abnormal processes are usually expressed in the altered

structure and relationship of the cells and intercellular
substance

• A thorough knowledge of normal microscopic structure

is essential for understanding of the altered of structure
seen in the various condition of disease
 How
• To observe microscopic structure of cells and tissues, need
microscope and preparing tissue

• microscope

• 1661-1666 Robert Hooke used simple magniffying lenses, that

small structures were being observed

• 1673 - 1716 Leeuwenhoek developed compound lenses which

permitted much higher magnification

• 1950 and 1960s the electron microscope extended the range

of visible structure down to level of macromolecules, rapidly
expanded our knowledge of structural basis of cells and
organ function

• By beginning 18th century since of morphology divided into

macroscopic and microscopic parts.
 Microscope

1. Light Microscopy
(stained preparations)
• Mechanical part
• Optical part (3 system of lenses: condenser, objective, ocular)

2. Phase Contrast Microscopy

(unstained biological spismen)
• Passing medium with different refractive indexes  slows down and
changes direction

3. Polarizing Microscopy
4. Electrone Microscopy
• The enlargement produced by objective lens is fixed
Comparison of light, transmission electron, and scanning electron microscopes
 How

• Preparation of Tissue
• Techniques for preparing tissue developed after 1892, by
rotary microtome, sections as thin as one micron can be
prepared

• Techniques for preserving, hardening, embedding,

sectioning, and staining tissue, able to use the
microscope to observe the microscopic architecture of
tissue and cells

• Staining prosedures (Staining Technology) occurred

only in the latter half of 19th century, permitted
intracellular object to be distinguished
 Preparation of Tissue
1. Fixation
• Chemical substance (fixative:mercuric chloride, picric acid)  tissue in stabilizing/
maintain its normal architecture (preserve tissue morphgology and molecular
composition)
2. Dehydration / Clearing
• to remove the water, by ethyl alcohol70-100%  replace tissue water then treated
with xylene,  the tissue becames transparant
3. Embedding
• in melted paraffin 58-60C  paraffin penetrate all intercellular space and into cells,
making tissues more resisten to sectioning
4. Microtome section.
• Small block of paraffin containing tissue are sectioned by microtome to a thickness 1-
20 mM
5. Staining
• Colorless tissue  basophilic or acidophilic  visualizing the different tissue
component
• The most commonly used are hematoxylin and eosin (HE)
• stain dark blue; these components are referred to as basophilic
• stain pink; these elements are said to be acidophilic
Histology requires a mental reconstruction of two-dimensional
images into the three-dimensional solid from which they were
sectioned. Here, a curved tube is sectioned in various planes to
illustrate the relationship between a series of two-dimensional
sections and their three-dimensional structure.
Light micrograph of typical cells from the renal cortex of a monkey
 Body_ID: quote

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

provides a three-dimensional image of the
specimen.
 Kurikulum

• KURIKULUM
• KIPDI I 1984 -1995

• KIPDI II 1995 - 2006

• KIPDI III 2006 –

• KIPDI III
• Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi (KOMPETENSI UTAMA)

• pendekatan SPICES (Student centered, Problem based,

Integrated, Community based, Elective, Early exposure to
clinical situations, Systematic)
 7 area kompetensi
Kompetensi Utama
1.Keterampilan Komunikasi efektif
2.Keterampilan klinik dasar
3.Keterampilan menerapkan dasar-dasar ilmu biomedik, ilmu
klinik, ilmu perilaku dan epidemiologi dalam praktik kedoteran
keluarga di layanan primer
4.Keterampilan pengelolaan masalah kesehatan pada individu,
keluarga, ataupun masyarakat dengan cara yang komprehensif,
holistik, bersinambung, koordinatif, dan kolaboratif dalam konteks
pelayanan kesehatan tingkat primer.
5.Keterampilan memanfaatkan, menilai, dan mengelola informasi
secara kritis
6.Kemampuan mawas diri dan mengembangkan diri serta belajar
sepanjang hayat
7.Menjunjung tinggi etika, moral dan profesionalisme dalam praktik
 area kompetensi
no. 3

• Kompetensi inti
• Menjelaskan masalah kedokteran dan kesehatan
berdasarkan pengertian ilmu biomedik, klinik,
perilaku, dan komunitas terkini.
• Menyusun rencana intervensi berdasarkan
pemahaman ilmiah.
• Menerapkan prinsip kedokteran berbasis bukti dalam
praktik kedokteran.
A. TERSTRUKTUR TERJADWAL PEMBELAJARAN
1. KULIAH (IT)
2. PRAKTIKUM LABORATORIUM
3. TUTORIAL (PBL)

B. TERSETRUKTUR TIDAK TERJADWAL

1. ASSIGNMENT
2. DISKUSI KELOMPOK MANDIRI
NO MINGGU TOPIK SUBTOPIK

1 I Introduction Kuliah Pengantar

2 II Basic Tissue Jaringan Epithel, membran,

epithel glandula
3 III J. Pengikat Embrional, Propria,
Khusus,
4 IV Jaringan Otot, otot polos

5 V Neuromuskuloskeletal Jaringan Kartilago, Jaringan Ossa

6 VI Jaringan Otot Rangka

7 VII Jaringan Syaraf : CNS - PNS

8 VIII Cardiovascular System Vaskular Darah

9 IX Vaskular Lymphe

10 X Otot Jantung, Jantung

11 XI Bone Marrow Sumsum Tulang & Perkembangan

sel darah
12 XII Immunology and Infections Imunitas, Jaringan Lymphoid

13 XIII Limphonodus, Thymus

14 XIV Lien, Tonsil

15 XV Endocrine System Hypophyse,Thyroid

 PRAKTIKUM
TATA TERTIB
1. Sudah memakai baju praktikum terpasang sempurna,
lengkap dengan identitas, bersandal khusus laboratorium
2. Membawa buku praktikum, pensil warna, kain planel,
alat tulis (ball poin atau pena)
3. Bekerja dalam kelompok, ketua kelompok senagai
koordinator kelompok dan penghubung dengan petugas
4. Bertanggungjawab atas keselamatan mikroskop dan
preparat
5. Melaksanakan pratikum dengan tertib dan aman
 PROSEDUR

1. Duduk dengan meja yang sudah ditentukan

2.Menyiapkan mikroskop masing-masing, hubungkan
dengan sumber listrik yang tersedia, periksa dan bersihkan
terutam lensa dengan kain planel
3.Ketua kelompok menghubungi petugas, untuk serah
terima preparat
4.Ketua kelompok melapor ke penanggungjawab praktikum
bahwa sudah siap untuk praktikum
5.Penangungjawab melakukan Pretes dengan waktu 10
menit
 PROSEDUR
(lanjutan)

1. Pembimbing memberikan penjelasan tentang materi yang

akan dipraktikumkan
2. Praktikum dilksanakan dlam waktu sesuai jadwal
3. Penanggungjawab melakukan Postes selama 10 menit
4. Praktikan menyerahkan preparat kepada Ketua Kelompok,
ketua kelompok menyerahkan kembalai serah terima dengan
petugas labor
5. Ketua Kelompok melapor ke Penanggungjawab Praktikum,
penanggungjawab menyatakan Praktikan boleh meninggal
laboratorium dengan tertib.
 DAFTAR REFERENSI

1. Bailey’s Textbook of Histology. Sixteenth ed. The Williams & Wilkin’s

Company, Baltimore; 1967
2. Bloom & Fawcett : A Textbook Of Histology. Twelfth ed. Chapman and Hall,
New York; 1994
3. De Fiore M. : Atlas of Human Histology. Fiveth ed. Libreria “El Ateneo” Ed.
Buenos Aires-Argentina; 1986
4. gartner Leslie P. Color Textbook of Histology, Third ed. Sounders ; 2006
5. Junqueira L. Carlos : Basic Histology. Sixt Ed. Applrton & Lange,
Connecticut; 1989
TERIMA KASIH
• LURUSKAN NIAT
• USAHA OPTIMAL
• TAWAQAL

SUKSES UNTUKMU
AMIIIN