Temperature zones of the body 20°C Room temperature 35°C (Attor Asehot) — 8. Arteriovenous exchange of heat exchange ‘oF heat Widenect vessel Capillaries low Blood flow high C. Environmental temperature and — temperature contro! Thermo- P) reguiation "] Behavioral Environmental temperature ¥- fi seseraech al Coretemp- =3ting eratU4re Th ermoneutral Shivering, etc. aevior sats lunar ‘only ea) (afeor Hardy)Internal heat production | Core temperature Total body Heat input }—> heatcontent "> Heat output External environment(@) Radiation—ne transfer of neat energy from a warmer abject to a cooler object in the form cf electromagnetic waves (“heat waves”), which travel through space. Convection current (©) Convection—the transfer of heat energy by air currents. Coo! air warmed by the body through conduction rises and is replaced by more coo! ait. This process is enhanced by the forced movement of air across the body surface. (b) Gonduction—tne transfer of neal from a warmer to a cooler object that is in direct contact with the warmer one. The heat is transferred through the movernent of thermal energy from molecule to adjacent molecule. Liquid converted - to gaseous vapor (d)_Evaporation—conversion of a liquid such: as sweat into a gaseous vapor, a process that requires heat (the heat of vaporization), which is absorbed from the skin.vies IN RESPONSE TO COLD EXPOSURE IN RESPONSE TO HEAT EXPOSURE (COORDINATED BY THE POSTERIOR (COORDINATED BY THE ANTERIOR HYPOTHALAMUS) HYPOTHALAMUS) Increased Heat Decreased Heat Loss Decreased Heat Increased Production (Heat Conservation) Production Heat Loss Increased muscle tone Skin vasoconstriction Decreased muscle tone Skin vasodilation Shivering Postural changes to reduce exposed Decreased voluntary exercise* Sweating Increased voluntary exercke’ face area (hunching shoulders, ec) Cool thing? Nonshiverng thermogenesis Warm cothing* *ehavioal adaptationsMacrophages 4 Initiation of “cold response” 4 | Heat production; | heat loss 4A. Relative contribution of organs to body weight and heat production 1 Percentage of body weight 2 ‘ (100%) orboay werd Percentage of re heat production 2% Brain DB 100%) 56% a At rest \ N oaks Thoracic and abdominal organs Skin and muscles b During physical exerciseB, Mechanisms of heat loss 1 Radiation 2 Conduction and convection 3 Evaporation Skin \—Lossof heat evaporationC. Heat production at different environmental temperatures (unclothed, at rest) — Room temperature — 7 Total heatloss 38]. m2.5"T= 100% , 43).m2.s1=100%, M e3jenrest=100% | || Bywayof: | Distribution: | Distribution: | \\> ox \\> mx || osgag> 00x \| Baparaton \\ \ | 26% | I» 2% iW | Conduction | | | Oe and convection | | | att || pass \| {| Radiation i \ / NY i