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03ind Eorpais
03ind Eorpais
2. Teanga hipitéiseach í an Ind-Eorpais; níl aon fhianaise dhíreach againn uirthi .i.
Níl aon lámhscríbhinní/inscríbhinní/leabhair srl. againn sa teanga seo, faic.
m.sh. is (‘am’): suis (Fr), soy (Sp), sono (Iod), sou (Prt)
Laid. sum
Old Irish is part of the Celtic language family, which itself forms one of the twelve
attested branches of the Indo-European linguistic family. The ancestor language called
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) ... originated most probably in the 4th or 3rd millenium B.C.
in the area north of the Black Sea (modern Ukraine).
AN IND-EORPAIS: GRÚPAÍ AGUS
DÁTAÍ
But by the end of the 3rd millenium B.C. at the latest PIE had begun to split up into
different branches, which must have been mutually understandable as dialects at the
beginning, but developed into seperate languages in the course of time.
Deirtear gur “brainse” nó “craobh” amháin den Ind-Eorpais í an grúpa Iodáldach (An
Fhraincis, an Spáinnis srl.), is é sin, is féidir a chruthú go dtéann an grúpa seo níos
faide siar ná an Laidin/an grúpa Iodáldach
mór (G) mawr (Br); cú (G) ci (Br); beo (G) byw (Br)
Arís, go leor samplaí ag teastáil: lán (G) llawn (Br); inis (G) ynys (Br)
TEANGACHA GAOLMHARA (III)
Deirtear go bhfuil gaol idir an Ghaeilis [Goídelic] agus an Bhriotainis [Brythonic].
Is leath amháin den Cheiltis iad na teangacha seo: an Cheiltis Inseach (‘Insular Celtic’).
Ceiltis na Mór-Roinne (‘Continental Celtic’): Gaillis, Ceiltibéiris, Lepontais, agus Galáitis.
Síolraíonn said ar fad ón gComh-Cheiltis (‘Common Celtic’).
NA TEANGACHA CEILTEACHA INSEACHA: ‘CRANN TEAGHLAIGH’
ATHRUITHE FUAIME (I)
Bíonn focail ghaolmhara ag teangacha gaolmhara m.sh. beo/byw (Ceiltis),
padre/père (Iodáildis), church/Kirche (Gearmáindis: Béarla, Gearmáinis, Ollainis,
Ioruais, Danmhairgis srl.)
ceann (G) vs. pen(n); fear (G) vs. gŵr (Br); sean (G) vs. hen (Br)
ATHRUITHE FUAIME (II)
Conas a thuigtear gur focail ghaolmhara iad seo?
Is féidir linn a chruthú go dtéann an difear seo siar go dtí fuaim níos sine. D’athraigh
an fhuaim seo ar dhá shlí .i. Kw Q ‘c’ sa Ghaeilis agus Kw ‘p’ sa Bhriotainis.
ceathair < *kwetwor; ceann < *kwennom; clann < Laid. planta.
NA TEANGACHA CEILTEACHA: “CRANN TEAGHLAIGH”,
AGUS AN SCARÚINT IDIR “C” AGUS “P”
LÉITHEOIREACHT
D. Ellis Evans, ‘Celtic Origins’, Proc. 1st N. Amer. Cong. of Celt. St., ed. G. W.
MacLennan (1988, Ottawa) 209-22.
B. Ó Cuív (eag.), A View of the Irish Language (BÁC, 1969) 1-22