HMT MACHINE TOOLS LIMITED
MACHINE TOOLS DIVISION
AJMER
Inception 1967
ELECTRICAL ASSEMBLY
It is the main section of HMT electric departments. There are preparing the
panel board for the various machines which are used in various operations they are
mostly grinder machine and lathe machine panel prepare.
All the controls and relaying mostly for the panels of the machine such as -
Push Button
Contactor
Thermal over load relay
Timer
Miniature circuit Breaker
Fuses & limit Switches.
Starters
PUSH BUTTON
A push button is a device that provides control of an
equivalent by pressing button. A push button is shown in
figure. The contacts are operated by a button. Two sets of
contact, one is normally open [N/O] and normally closed
[N/C] are provided in a push button. When the push button is
pressed by applying a force, the N/C contact opens and N/O
contact closed. The push button stays in its depressed
condition as long as it is held pressed. When the pressure on
the push button is released, a spring inside the push button
brings the contracts back to their initial positions.
COLOUR CODING OF PUSH BUTTON
Colour Operation
Red Stop or Off
Green Start or On
Yellow Intervention
CONTACTORS
A contactor is a mechanical switching device having
one position of rest corresponding to the position of the
main contacts either open or closed operated otherwise than
by hand, capable of making, carrying and over load
condition the speed of make and break being independent
of the operator.
There are various types of contactors available. They
are electromagnetic contactors, pneumatic contactors,
electro pneumatic contactors, latched contactors etc. The
detail of an electro magnetic contactor given below.
ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTRACTOR -
Construction - Is has got a coil which is to be
connected across a voltage according to its rating. It will
have contracts normally open [N/O] and some normally
closed [N/C].
Over load relay
Overload relay is to be used in control circuits for
protection purpose against over load. It this relay a
bimetallic strip is provided.
A heating coil is wound on the strip, which carries
the line current of the circuit. In case of over load
current flowing through the coil the bimetal bends
considerably and opens a normally open contact or
close a normally open contact as shown in fig. The
opening or closing of the contact of the relay during
overload can be utilized in tripping off the circuit in
which this relay has been employed.
TIMER
Timer are the electrical components used for setting
the time in which contacts get changed. It is used for
connection convert into star-delta depending on the
timer rating breaking time period setting. It is use for
the protection of the machine. It is used in interlocking
CKL.
These are two type of timers
1.Electronic Timer
2.Electro pneumatic timer
MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER
Miniature circuit breaker consists of a
contact in series with over load thermal coil
which mechanically causes the opening of
contact to isolate the faculty circuit. In some of
the MCB'S auxiliary contacts for initiating a
remote alarm of visual induction is provided.
Fuse and MCB's are is fact used to isolate a system from the supply in case of
Over load
Short circuit
Under voltage
FUSES
A fuse is an over current protective device with a
circuit opening fusible member which may be a thin
wire or a trip directly heated or destroyed by the
current passing through it. The thin wire on strip is
placed in series with the circuit to be protected.
Fuses are of two types:-
1. Rewirable fuse
2. Cartridge fuse.
LIMIT SWITCHES
A limit switch is a mechanically operated device,
the prime function of which us to open or closed a
contact in a circuit when a certain limit, physical
distance covered by a device operated by a motor has
been reached.
A limit switch is either stationary and actuated by some moving member or it
moves with the machine and is actuated by a stationary member. A limit switch
usually will have one normally open and normally closed contact.
C.N.C. MACHINES
CNC (Computer Numerically
Controlled) work on binary system
Machining centre: A machine which
capable to performing multiple operations on a
work piece in a single set up like milling,
drilling, boring and tapping.
Main parts of CNC Machine Center
Bed Ballscrew
Saddle Spindle
Column Tool
Table Changer And Machine
Servomotor Control Unit
ADVANTAGES OF C.N.C. MACHINES
Higher flexibility Reduce manpower
Increase productivity Shorter cycle time
Consistent quality Automatic tool change
Higher accuracy Lesser floor space
Less rejection Complex machining
Reliable operations operating
Reduce scrap rate Greater machine utilization
Reduce non-productive Tooling cost reduced (Jig &
time Fix)
Increase operational safety
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR
SHOP
WINDING SECTION
It is the main section of HMT where the maintenances and
repair of A.C. and D.C. machine winding is made by workers.
Different types of machines came here for repairing,
maintenance and rewinding. Which are as follows.
A. C. Induction motor.
A. C. slip ring squirrel cage motor
Universal Motor
Transformer.
INDUCTION MOTOR
In induction motor has two types.
Squirrel cage induction motor.
Slip ring induction motor.
An induction motor consists essentially of main two parts.
Stator.
Rotor.
STATOR & ROTOR
Stator is a stationary part of an induction motor.
It is cylindrical structure built up of dynamo grad
laminations. The laminations are either 0.35 or 0.50
MM thick. Stator carries a three-phase wdg and is
perform a 3-phase supply. It is wound for a definite
number of pales, the exact no. Of poles being
determined by the requirement of speed. Greater
the no. Of poles, lesser the speed and vise versa.
When three phase supply given to the stator wdg. It
produces a magnetic flux which is of constant
magnitude but which rotates at synchronous speed.
This revolving magnetic flux induced an e.m.f. In
the rotor by mutual inductance.
Rotor is the rotating part of induction motor.
Various types of rotor are used in the Induction
motor such as -
Squirrel cage induction motor.
Double squirrel cage induction motor.
Phase wound Rotor
SLIP RING MOTOR
Starting torque of these motor are better than squirrel cage
motors when we drives these motors the starting condition high
resistance wedgs of motor are used but after coming in its
synchronous speed then only works low resistance wdg. The slip
ring motors are used where high starting torque is required. For
Instance
In the hoist
For lift
In the crane
For Power Hammer
For battle ship purpose
The squirrel cage motor is not useful where the motor has to
start against heavy load.
MOTOR WINDING
There are four main points: -
1. No of slots
2. No of pitch
3. No of turns
4. Gauge of wire
Winding material:-
1. Conducting material
2. Insulating material
3. Solder & flux
ARMATURE WINDING FAULTS
There are three faults in armature winding: -
SHORT CIRCUIT FAULT: When the leads of armature coil
touches each other electrically, it is called short ckt fault.
OPEN CIRCUIT FAULT: When the leads of the armature coil are
released commutator segment in breakdown position called
open circuit fault.
EARTH FAULT:- When coil or coil lead or commutator segment
touches the body of rotor, it causes the earth fault.
TESTING METHOD OF ARMATURE
1.Series test lamp method
2.Growler testing method
3.Genral method of testing
FAN WINDING
It has two winding one in inner side and other is or second is in
outer side and is called running and starting wdg respectively.
Starting winding have more turns on coil comparative to running
wdg. Due to increase it’s starting resistance. Each coil are
wounded in opposite direction or we can say that, these coils are
wounded first in clock wise and then anti clock wise.
Generally super enameled copper of 33 and 35 S.W.G. are used
in fan wdg. Four wires or terminal are taken out from starting
and running winding.
According to the circuit, a capacitor is connected to the starting
winding to start the motor so this motor is called capacitor start
motor.
Exchange is provided where is water cold angse waste is utilize
to cool the refrigerants from the condenser coil before entry to
drier.
SUB-STATION
The Sub Station is an assembly of apparatus which is used to
transfer of electric supply, is called an sub station.
HMT sub station is situated at Beawer Road, Ajmer. It is a
source of electrical energy for HMT Machine Tools Ltd. HMT
Township and general stores.
Power house is basically a 33/11 K.V. S/S and its line dia 33KV
feeders have come here one is from RSEB Madar by crossing
Nasirabad road and other one is from RSEB Saradhana by crossing
national hiway No. 8
Different safety equipment and precautions are arranged in
these feeders, which are already shown in diagram. These feeders
are coming at AVVNL Grid sub station .At a time only one feeder
can be use.
In the HMT’S sub station the 11 kV supply is step down to 440
volt & then distributed to various sections of HMT factory & town
ship
CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSFORMER SUB STATION
The majority of the sub station in the power system are
concerned with the changing of voltage level of electric supply.
These are known as TRANSFORMER SUB STATION bozo
transformer is the main component employed to change the
voltage level.
CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSFORMER SUB STATION
1. STEP UP SUBSTATION:-
The generating 11kv is step up to high voltage 220kv to affect
economy in transmission to electric power.
2. PRIMARY GRID SUBSTATION:-
The 220 kv is transmitted by 3 phase 3 wire over head
system to the city.
3. SECONDARY GRID SUBSTATION:-
The 220 kv is step down into the 66 kv. The secondary sub
station is out door type.
4. DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATION:-
The 66/11kv are known as distribution substation. & This
change to 440 or 230volt.
POWER TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION
