EXCEL VOCATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE
P.O BOX 6
KALULE-BOMBO LUWEERO DISTRICT
TEL: +256756839978/0702555716
Email:excelvocationaltrainingcentre@gmail.com
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION SYSTEM AND MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT INDUSTRIAL
TRAINING REPORT CARRIEDOUT IN NILE FIBRE BOARD
PREPARED BY
NAME:AYIRE JIBRIL
YEAR OF STUDY:SECOND YEAR
COURSE:ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
REGISTRATION:
PLACE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING:NAKASONGOLA DISTRICT
PERIOD OF TRAINING:
NAME OF TRAINEE SUPERVISOR:BARASA SIMON
SUBMITTED TO
DIRECTORATE FOR THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN PARTIAL ACCOMPLISHMENT AS
REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
SYSTEM AND MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT OF EXCEL VOCATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE
TABLE OF CONTENT
DECLARATION
I AYIRE JIBRIL do declare that this industrial report is my work done during my training on
the knowledge and skills that have been submitted where for the award of National
Certificate in Electrical installation system and maintenance
Signature
Date
APPROVAL
Under signed manifest that AYIRE JIBRIL carriedout his industrial training work in Nile Fibre
Board Limited in Nakasongola district in partial fulfillment of his requirements for award of
National Certificate in Electrical system and maintenance
FIELD SUPERVISOR
Name.. BARASA SIMON.. Signature... Date..
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
Name......signature.... Date....
ACADEMIC SUPERVISOR
Name....Signature......date.......
DEDICATION
The great honour,I dedicate report to Almighty Allah for giving me life, potential,knowledge
and power these helped me so that I completed my industrial training safely.
Secondly, i thank my father Mr. AYIRE SIRAJJE, my mother, brothers, sisters and others for
the support and services you gave me so that my studies and after studies be easier to all my
life. I pray for you so that Allah gives you blessings.
Lastly, to the management of NILE FIBRE BOARD LIMITED for accepting me to do my training
with them and mostly those in electrical department like Barasa Simon, Ceasor, Amos, Bus,
Rodgers and others for the training you taught me many skills in different areas.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This mostly go to my mother Mrs. BYOGERO ZAINABU who has guide me and supported me
order to be in level of finishing my course in Electrical installation.
Secondly, I thank Mr. BARASA SIMON and whole electrical members who have worked and
taught guided me in many skills tirelessly.
Lastly, I extend thanks to my course mates with whom have worked with me during the
course of the training. They have really exhibited love shared with me ideas in a number of
areas.
ACRONYMS
DIT Directorate of industrial training
NFB Nile Fibre Board
VFD Variable Frequency Drive
AC Alternating Current
DC Direct Current
NO Normally Open
NC Normally Closed
MCB Miniature Circuit Breaker
MCCB Moulded Case Circuit Breaker
MPCB Motor Protected Circuit Breaker
VCB Vacuum Circuit Breaker
ABSTRACT
This industrial training report book contains basic knowledge about,
Contactor and its operation
Motor and motor starter
Protection
CHAPTER ONE
CHAPTER TWO
CONTACTOR
A contactor is an electrical device which is used for switching an electrical circuit on or off.
It is used to make or break the connection between the power supply and the load.
It helps to start a machine in a safe way
Main parts of a contactor
The coil
The contacts
The device enclosure
The coil or electromagnet, is the key component of a contactor
The contacts are the components of the device that carry power across the circuit being
switched
The contactor enclosure is another important part of the device
A contactor has contacts
Normally open
Normally closed
Diagram of contacts of a contactor
Normally open
Normally closed
Operating principle of a contactor
The current passing through the contactor excites the electromagnet. The excited
electromagnet produces a magnetic field, causing the contactor core to move the armature.
A normally closed (NC) contact completes the circuit between the fixed contacts and the
moving contacts. This permits the current to pass through these contacts to the load. When
current is removed, the coil is de-energized and opens the circuit. The contacts of the
contactor are known for their rapid open and close action.
Types of contactors
magnetic contactor
Manual controller
Knife blade contactor
Magnetic contactor is the most used like in industries
Applications of contactors
Controlling electric motors
Thermal evaporator
Lighting capacitor banks
Heating and other electrical loads
CHAPTER THREE
PROTECTION
Is the art and science of detecting a problem with power system components and isolating
Types of protective devices
Circuit breaker
Fuses
Switches
Overload relay
CIRCUIT BREAKER
This is the mechanical device which can be operated manually or automatically for making
and breaking the circuit under normal and abnormal condition.
They are designed for opening and closing an electrical circuit thus protects the electrical
system from damage
Types of circuit breaker
They are classified on basic of rated current and voltage of their carrying capacity
Low current handling circuit breaker
High current handling circuit breaker
Low current handling circuit breaker
Miniature circuit breaker(MCB)
Moulded case circuit breaker(MCCB)
Motor protective circuit breaker(MPCB)
Residual circuit breaker(RCB)
Earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB)
High current circuit breaker
Moulded case circuit breaker(MCCB)
Vacuum circuit breaker (VCB)
Air blast circuit breaker(ACB)
Oil circuit breaker(OCB)
Sulphur hexa fluoride(SF6CB)
Advantages of circuit breaker
Circuit breakes respond quicker than fuses
Circuit breakers are more reliable
Circuit breakers are more sensitive
Unlike fuse which only operate once and need to be replaced a circuit breaker can be reset
Disadvantages of circuit breakers
Installation and repair are expensive
Fuse reacts faster compared to circuit breakers
FUSES
It is a protective device designed to melt and separate into pieces and breaking a circuit in
the events of excessive current as per rated current of a fuse.
Fuses are rated in terms of their voltages and current capacity.
Types of fuses
Rewirable fuse
High breaking capacity fuse
Cartridge fuse
REWIRABLE FUSE
The fuse carrier is easier to remove without having any electrical shock or injury.
Diagram
HIGH BREAKING CAPACITY FUSE (HBCF)
In this type of fuse, the flow of current by fuse is given under the normal condition
Here the fuse is designed to with stand a high current than the fuse rating without rapturing
or rating
APPLICATIONS OF HBCF
It is used in industries
It is used in main circuit/lines
It is used in circuit high protection switchgear
Advantages of HBCF
It is simple and easy to install
It can lost long
Diagram
CHAPTER FOUR
MOTOR
A motor is a device which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
Parts of a motor
Rotor
Windings
Metal casing
Terminal block
Air gap
Shaft
Stator
Commutator
Bearing
MOTOR CONNECTION
This is the final connection of the cables at the terminal block
They are divided into four
Star connection
Delta connection
Star Delta connection
Capacitor start connection
STAR CONNECTION
A set of three different coil (windings) are short circuited at the terminal block one of lead
Illustration of star connection at the terminal block
Advantages of star connection
Used for high voltage
Common neutral point
Good for unbalanced loading
Each phase is a separate circuit
Disadvantages of star connection
Less torque
Construction cost is more expensive
Construction involves combining 3 phase into 1
Secondary distribution, light duty applications
DELTA CONNECTION
This is the type of a motor connection where the beginning of one winding set is linked to
the end of another winding set.
Sometime its referred to as a close loop.
Diagram of Delta connection
Advantage of Delta connection
More torque
Efficient
Simple motor design
Construction cost is low
Heavy duty application
Used in rotary conveyors
Disadvantages of Delta connection
Low voltage connection
No common neutral point
Detecting earth ground faults is difficult
STAR DELTA CONNECTION
(At terminal block)
This is the type of motor connection a set of a coil with common lead outles is supplied with
415V when the rotor of that motor as attain 75% of full speed
Diagram of Star Delta connection
CAPACITOR START STARTER
The capacitor start starter motors has a gauge rotor and has two windings on the same
starter.
And this windings have difference resistance
They are kowns
Main winding
Auxiliary winding
The two windings separated are 90°apart electrically
Characteristics of the capacitor start motor
The starting capacitor value must be large
The value of the starting winding resistance must be low
Properties of a single phase starter
It has two type of windings ie start winding and running windings
It has centrifugal switch
It has a capacitor
Applications of capacitor start starter
These motors are used for the loads of higher initial where frequent starting is required
Used in pumps and compressors
Used in the refrigerator and air conditioner / compressors
They are also used for conveyors and machine tools
NB: Centrifugal switch and starting capacitor are connected in series with the running
windings.
Phase diagram
Where
S centrifugal switch
Im current through the main windings
Ia current through the running windings
V voltage
Im . The current in the windings which is lagging, the auxiliary IA by 90°thus a single phase
supply current is simpliting into two
The two windings are 90°electrically and their MMF are equal magnitude by 90°apart in the
time
The motor act as a balanced 2 phase motor
The starting capacitors has a high value of capacitance ie 250*10^-6F to give high starting
torque.
CHAPTER FIVE
