Metabolism of Energy Formation

Cycle of In-Cell Energy The basic life

processes take place inside the cells of the
body Includes: metabolism release of energy
derived from nutrients
The mitochondria are the primary sites of
oxygen use in the cell and are responsible for
most of the metabolic energy (adenosine
triphosphate,or ATP) produced in cells
 Mitochondria A small portion of a folded
membrane The place of the main energy
formation stored all the enzymes involved in
the kreb cycle & electron transport system
Synthesize important parts of the cell (eg, the
formation of an amino acid is not essential)
 ATP cycle
The energy used by the cell in general is in the
form of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Each cell
makes ATP for its energy ATP is primarily obtained
by oxidative phosphorylation
The energy released in the process of
catabolism is often used again in chain reactions
to form ATP high-energy bonds Contains 3
phosphate groups that can easily transfer the
energy it contains to other chemical bonds
 Hydrolysis of ATP
The breakdown of the nutrients of the energy
source is followed by the formation of ATP
molecules that capture the energy released into
the bond When later energy is required, the high-
energy bond in the phosphate group will be
released into its bond by hydrolysis
ATP -> ADP+Pi
ATP is broken down to ADP during muscular
contractions. Muscular contractions stimulate the
oxidation of fatty acids and carbohydrates in the
muscle cells which liberate more energy for
rephosphorylation of ADP to ATP. The energy is
used for the maintenance of chemical syntheses,
electrochemical potentials and for the net-
transport of substances across membranes
 ADP can be hydrolyzed again into AMP + Pi The
breaking of bond between the first and second
phosphate bonds or between the second and third
phosphates produces energy This released energy is
used again for other chemical reactions Only the
energy of ATP or its properties can be used as energy
by the cell

ATP is used to transfer the energy produced by

catabolism reactions for the purpose of anabolic
reactions 40% of the potential energy derived from
nutrients is stored in the form of ATP The rest is
released as heat