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Unit 22 Condensers
Unit 22 Condensers
COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION
UNIT 22
CONDENSERS
UNIT OBJECTIVES
After studying this unit, the reader should be able to
• Explain the purpose of condensers in refrigeration systems
• Describe water-cooled and air-cooled condensers
• List three types of water-cooled condensers
• Describe the operating differences between wastewater and
recirculating water systems
• Describe the operation and function of a cooling tower
• List methods that facilitate low ambient system operation
THE CONDENSER
• Heat exchange surface that rejects system heat
• Rejects sensible heat
– Desuperheating vapor refrigerant from the compressor
– Subcools refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser
• Rejects latent heat during the condensing process
• The greatest amount of heat is transferred during the
change of state
• Condenser is on the high pressure side of the system
WATER-COOLED CONDENSERS
• More efficient than air-cooled condensers
• Water temperature can be maintained
• Water temperature directly affects system pressures
• Three types of water-cooled condensers
– Tube within a tube condenser
– Shell and coil condenser
– Shell and tube condenser
TUBE WITHIN A TUBE CONDENSER
• Heat exchange takes place between the fluids in
the inner and outer tubes
• Refrigerant flows in the outer tube
• Water flows in the inner tube
• Refrigerant and water flow in opposite
directions to maximize the heat transfer rate
• Depending on the construction, the condenser
can be cleaned mechanically or chemically
Water to tower (95°F)
Cool water
from the
cooling
tower
85°F Water
Hot discharge gas from the
compressor
Subcooled liquid to
the receiver
Cross-Section of a tube within a tube condenser
Surrounding air
Discharge
gas 200°F
145°F liquid refrigerant to receiver
85°F 90°F
Discharge
Scale
gas 200°F
MECHANICALLY CLEANABLE
CONDENSERS
• Tube within a tube condenser has end flanges
• Flanges are removed to access the water circuit
• The refrigerant circuit remains sealed while the
water circuit is open
• The mechanically cleanable tube-in-tube
condenser is more costly than the chemically
cleanable version of the condenser
MECHANICALLY CLEANABLE
TUBE WITHIN A TUBE
CONDENSER
Water and
refrigerant
connections
MECHANICALLY CLEANABLE TUBE
WITHIN A TUBE CONDENSER
Flange Gasket
Access to interior
of water tubes
SHELL AND COIL CONDENSERS
• Coil of tubing enclosed in a welded shell
• Water flows through the coil
• Refrigerant from the compressor is discharged into
the shell
• The shell also acts as the receiver
• When refrigerant comes in contact with the cool
coil, it condenses and falls to the bottom
• This condenser must be cleaned chemically
Shell and Coil Condenser
Warm
water out
Cool water
in
Bottom of the condenser Subcooled liquid from condenser
acts as the receiver
Hot discharge gas from
compressor
Water out
Water in
Subcooled liquid from condenser
Directs water Hot discharge gas from
through the compressor
tubes
Access to tubes
for cleaning
Water-regulating valve
Warm water
out to drain Cool water in
(95°F) (75°F)
Warm water
out to drain Cool water in
(95°F) (85°F)
REFRIGERANT
LEAVING THE COIL