ICHNOFOSSIL

DEFINISI:
Bukti dari pengawetan bioturbasi dalam
sedimen, dihasilkan dalam sedimen-sedimen
lunak dan substrat-substrat keras sebagai
akibat dari aktifitas kehidupan organisme.
(pengertian ini masuk uas)

Contoh: Tracks, trails, burrows, borings,etc.

 STRUKTUR-STRUKTUR BIOGENIK
(BIOGENIC STRUCTURES)

BIOGENIC
STRUCTURES

Biogenic Bioerosion Structures Eggs,Nests, Tools,

Sedimentary etc.
Structures

Biostratification Bioturbation Biodeposition

Structures Structures Structures

Tracks Fecal Pellets

Stromatolites Trails Pseudofeces
Byssal Mats
Biogenic Graded Bedding
Burrows Coprolites
DIAGRAM HUBUNGAN ANTARA MODEL TINGKAH LAKU
YANG BERBEDA
(Modified after Pemberton et al. 1992)

Praedichnia
(Predation) Cubichnia
(Resting)
Taphichnia
Agrichnia (Dying)
(Farming) Feeding Resting
Fugichnia
(Escape)
Fodinichnia Dwelling
(Feeding) Locomotion

Domichnia Pascichnia Repichnia

(Dwelling) (Grazing) (Crawling)
 PRINSIP-PRINSIP DASAR DARI ICHNOLOGI

SAME SPECIES DIFFERENT STRUCTURES(masuk uas)

Spesies yg sama dapat menghasilkan struktur yang berbeda tergantung dari pola-pola
tingkah laku (behaviour) yang berbeda.

1. J-shaped living burrow (Psilonichus domichnion)

2. A walking (repichnia) trail (Diplichnitesrepichnion)
3. A radiating grazing trace with balls of processed sand (Pascichnion)
4. Faecal pellets (Coprolites) (after Benton & Harper 1997)
 SAME BURROW DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES(masuk uas)
Galian yang sama kemungkinan terawetkan secara berbeda pada substrat yang berbeda
tergantung dari rata-rata ukuran butir, stabilitas sedimen, kandungan air, dan kondisi
kimia dari sedimen.

1. Preserved in sand (Scalarituba)

2. At a sand-mud interface in firm sediment (Nereites)
3. At a sand-mud interface in wetter sediment (Neonereites)
4. And at a mud-sand interface, seen from below (Neonereites)
(after Benton & Harper, 1997)
 DIFFERENT TRACEMAKERS IDENTICAL STRUCTURES(masuk
uts)

1. Polychaete worm
2. A nassid snail
3. A notostracan branchiopod shrimp
4. A trilobite
Terminology of trace fossil preservation depending on the relationship to sediment
horizons (after Benton & Harper, 1997)