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G RO U P M E M B E R S :
• MUHAMMAD AIMAN (2015636834)
• N U R NA B I L A A K M A L ( 2 0 1 5 8 3 7 3 3 4 )
• P U T R I A N I NA R I S A ( 2 0 1 5 6 3 6 8 5 6 )
1
!
1,3-Butadiene
1,2-Butadiene
Gasoline
like odor
BUTADIENE
Monomer Soluble
Colorless Gas in Water
!
E. Caventou Russian chemist,
isolated a
1863 previously 1910 Sergei Lebedev
polymerized
unknown butadiene and
hydrocarbon from obtained a material
the pyrolysis of with rubber-like
amyl alcohol. properties.
4
1. Oxidative Dehydrogenation of
Propylene
(Raw material producing product)
7
Metathesis of propylene to 2-butane
Mechanism
- Side reaction
Mechanism
C2H6 C2H4 + H2
13
Steam Cracking of Paraffinic Hydrocarbon
16
Process
1. Hydrocarbon feed heated with steam to 1050 OC and fed to Cr-Ni reactor
tube.
• The main technology developments in catalytic steam cracking using metal oxide
and zeolite based catalysts. A promising technology, although still in laboratory
research stage, is Japan's AIST process using a lanthanum-modified ZSM-5
catalyst.
• When cracking light naphtha at 650°C (1200°F), the process achieves an overall
ethylene-plus-propylene yield of about 70 wt% and provides significant potential
savings in both investment and production costs. 20
3. Two Step Conversions of Ethanol to
Butadiene
Section 1 C2H5OH CH3CHO + H2
2(C2H5OH) C4H8O2 + 2H2
• Catalsyt : Mg0/SiO2
• Conversion of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde = 48%
• Selectivity (Butadiene = 68%, Ethylene = 26%, Ethyl Acetate =
9%)
Secured in cool,
dry and well-
ventilated areas.
Do not drag, slide or
roll the cylinders. !
Valve protection caps
must remain in place.
Control & SAFETY !
Protection
PPE
Local exhaust
preventing
accumulation
above exposure limit.
(Hood with forced
ventilation)
Fire Fighting
Measure
SAFETY ! CO2, Dry
chemical, water
spray / fog
• Leaking gas can be ignited by
flames, sparks or any other • Immediately cool
ignition sources at the containers with water
locations. from maximum safe
• If leaking gas catches fire, do distance.
not extinguish flames if the • If it is safe, stop the gas
source of fuel is shut off. flow or remove ignition
• Unburned vapors may spread sources or remove the
from the leak, creating an containers away from the
explosive re-ignition hazard. fire area.
APPLICATION
OF
BUTADIENE
32
WASTE MANAGEMENT
butadiene industry.
33
Reduce
• Pollution can be minimized by reducing the need to
harvest new raw material.
• Reduces greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to
global climate change
Recycle Reuse
• It is an excellent way to dispose of • Damaged tires can be
unwanted butadiene products repaired and used again.
• Many useful products can be produce.
35
SUSTAINABILITY !
To create and maintain the
conditions under which
humans and nature can
exist in productive
harmony to support
present and future
generations
Objectives
Recycle
process
38
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