What are values (human values)?

• Emotional dispositions.
• Stable inner dispositions.
• The tilt of the inner dispositions may change – for good
(positive) or for bad (negative) – (in what way?).
• Another interpretation – Human values are those inner
dispositions (or values) which nurture GOOD HUMAN
BEINGS from within.
• The life – goal of a manager --- to become a Good Human
Being (GHB) --- who is a GHB? --- the qualitative aspect
of a human being --- internal qualities / attributes which
characterize the mental, attitudinal, psychological and
emotional make-up of a human being ---VALUES.
 Why do we need good human beings?
• The notion of goodness.
• Common good.
• With the decrease in number of good human
beings, the COLLECTIVITIES (family,
society, organization, country, world) will all
dwindle in respect of goodness.
*Values can mean both end-state values (like –
in the organizational context – productivity,
profitability, market share, innovation,
growth) as well as values-as-means ( for
example to increase market share by falsely
advertising an “improved” product or to
publish a paper by plagiarizing). The former
are quite straightforward and do not lend
themselves to misinterpretation. The latter
type, however, throw up questions regarding
their appropriateness.
Values: distinction with something which is
valuable.
• A valuable commodity/ object is the subject
of outer desire.
• It lacks the stability of inner dispositions and
may change. For example,with age and the
onset of maturity, the object we deem to be
valuable will change.
• Human values are in a different league in
comparison to economic values or political
values. These values can be pursued even at
the expense of human values.
• Values influence the selection of:
1. Goals / objectives of an individual.
2. And also the choice of means adopted to
achieve the objectives.
 Categorization of values
• Values are inner emotional tendencies which can
be either healthy or injurious, lofty or mean,
helpful or harmful.
• Human Values (HV).
• Dis-values (DV).
• In an individual, both HVs and DVs prevail. If
(Sum) HV is greater than (Sum) DV, then that
individual tends to be a GHB. If (Sum) HV is less
than (sum) DV, then the person declines on the
scale of goodness.
• HVs or DVs transcends the individual and affects
the family, society, organization, country and the
world.
• Examples of HVs.
(a)Love for country/ Patriotism.
(b)Urge to establish national self-respect.
These two values inspired many of our countrymen
in the pre- independence years.
• Values redefined – Values are an enduring set of
emotional or feeling-level dispositions in a
person which
(a)Underpin the choice of his/ her goals, and
(b)Determine the kind of means used to achieve
these goals.