VIDEO #1: Carbons

1. Why is carbon an important element in life?

2. What is the atomic number of carbon? How many
protons and electrons does it have? How many
valence electrons are there in C?
3. To what elements does carbon often bond with?
4. What is an example of a hydrocarbon molecule?
 VIDEO #2: Hydrocarbons
1. What are the 3 given examples of
hydrocarbon?
2. Why do they begin with “eth-”?
3. What are the general names of the 3
examples of hydrocarbons? Give their
differences.
Hydrocarbons: molecules consisting of carbon linked only to hydrogen
atoms (2-carbon atoms [single, double, triple bond], linear and ring)
 VIDEO #3: Functional groups
1. What are functional groups?
2. What is the distinction of a hydroxyl group?
Sulfhydryl? Carbonyl? Carboxyl? Amino acid?
Phosphate group?
3. Which is water soluble? Polar or nonpolar?
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS are sets of
commonly found groups of
atoms covalently bonded to
carbon in organic molecules.
 VIDEO #4: Isomers
1. What are isomers?
2. Give the 2 main types of isomers and
differentiate them.
ISOMERS
are two or more molecules w/ the same
chemical formula but different molecular
structures.

• Stereoisomer: molecules that are mirror images of

one another; often one or more of the carbon
atoms in an organic molecule link to four different
atoms or functional groups; L isomer and D isomer
• Structural isomer: two molecules with the same
chemical formula but atoms that are connected in
different ways; eg. Glucose and fructose
• Structural isomer:
two molecules
with the same
chemical formula
but atoms that are
connected in
different ways

• Stereoisomer:
molecules that are
mirror images of one
another; L isomer
and D isomer
 VIDEO #5: Dehydration synthesis
and hydrolysis
1. Explain the process of dehydration
synthesis.
2. What is the byproduct of dehydration
synthesis?
3. Briefly explain the process of hydrolysis.
 REACTIONS INVOLVING FG
• Dehydration synthesis: removal of a water
molecule during a reaction; eg. Individual sugar
molecules combine to form a starch molecule
• Hydrolysis: adding of a water molecule during a
reaction; eg. Breaking down of a protein molecule
into individual amino acids in the digestive processes
of animals
 QUIZ NEXT, NEXT MEETING. Study:
Intro to Biomolecules and Carbons