INTRODUCTION

ABSTRACT
 Networking is the practice of linking two or more
computing devices together for the purpose of sharing
data.

 A computer network, often simply referred to as a

network, is a collection of computers and devices
connected by communications channels that facilitates
communications among users and allows users to share
resources with other users.

 Networks may be classified according to a wide variety

of characteristics, i.e. Lan/WAN.
Objective:-

Objective is to develop a network to galvanize

communication and improve the traditional on
the premises of a reputed organization(NIFT
,Hyderabad).
An Insight into the Objective
 NIFT, Hyderabad is a professional skill imparting institution with
several departments catering to the purpose in different categories

 There are 10 functional departments on campus.

 The works to be performed require frequent communication in various

one or the other form.

 The existing network in the institute is native and raw in nature

consisting of only simple and direct connections of lan group to the
network switches located at various locations.

 The network has also been expanded to meet the rising requirement of
service with establishment of an annex at the campus
TRADITIONAL METHODS OF
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
USED AT NIFT ,HYDERABAD
 The traditional data communication techniques used in the institute
may be prove to be inefficient, insufficient, inaccurate and unreliable
keeping in mind the heavy bulk of data that needs to be communicated
consisting of wide range of data ranging from images, videos to text.

 The communications done through these traditional channels also hold

the same level of priority of been delivered and received irrespective of
any attached priority to the data .

 The institute houses more than 10 departments among which data

communication happen on a frequent basis.
The communications and networking between the departments of the

institute are basically two types of communication :-

 Inter-departmental communication

 Intra-departmental communication
Inter-Departmental communication

a. Verbal Communication
b. Telephonic Communication
c. In-person Communication
d. Communication Via Emails
e. Notices
f. Informal Communication
VERBAL COMMUNICATION

• The message is generally passed by a higher authority of a

particular department to other department(s) or to the head
of the institute.

• The messages passed by verbal communication are

authentic but unreliable too as it doesn't have any future
referential proof for verification of facts.

All the departments use this type of communication mode.

 TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
 Messages that are transferred from one department to
the other by use of telephone.

 The institute has an integrated strong intercom system

installed in every department.

 The only limitation that telephonic communications

carry is that of the presence of the receiver is a
necessity at the other end.
IN-PERSON COMMUNICATION
 This is also a verbal communication but in this, a junior employee of a
department goes to the other department personally to deliver the
message that has been sent by his/her senior.

 Circulars or official announcements or requisitions are passed from

one department to the other in this way.

 Certain circulars which require personal attention of each member of

the department are also communicated by the institute head in this
particular way
COMMUNICATION BY EMAILS
 Transferring information by the help of e-mails is also a
one of the most authentic mode of communication used in
the institute.

 Some important data or letter that has to be forwarded to

other department is sent via email. Internet facility is
available via Lan spread throughout the campus.

 Presently the institute members are using a third party

email services such as G-mail ,Yahoo, Rediff..etc, hence
there is no dedicated mail service on campus for the
institute.
NOTICES/CIRCULARS

 This communication mode is used when a higher authority wants to give an

announcement sort of a message to all the institute members or to a particular
department.

 Very serious, urgent matters, mass official announcements are also

communicated through this tool.

 Feedback is not possible for this kind of a communication system.

INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
 This type of communication includes informal talks between employees of
the factory.

 A casual discussion, a verbal exchange, small talks and grapevine comes

under informal communication. Informal communication contains facts,
deceptions, rumors and unclear data.

 The informal channels of communication may transmit completely

imprecise information that may harm rather than help the organization .
TRADITIONAL NETWORK
LAYOUT AT NIFT
 Present network layout in the NIFT campus is a wired Local Area Network

 No network topology exists

 There are 4 main network switches on the campus located at 4 main locations
 Main switch in the Main server room Under the DFT dept IT lab.

 Girls hostel switch- Switch 1

 Resource centre switch in Resource centre- Switch 2

 New building switch-Switch 3

 Main switch is connected to Switch 1,Switch 2 ,Switch 3 .Switch 1& 2 are connected.
No connection exists between switch 2 & 3 .

 All departments have nodes that connect to the nodes in these switches.

 No server based services are provided on campus.

 Multi-modal optical cables are used for connections between switches and Cat-6
cables are used for switch to node connections
CAT-6 CABLES

NETWORK
SWITCH

MULTI-MODE FIBER OPTIC

REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
The various analyzed and concluded requirements for better
communication are:

 The need of a backbone/backup in the case of the connections to

the new building which is presently connected only to the main
switch no other switch. Thus loss of connection is always probable.

 A Large amount of traffic load due to intra and inter dept

communication raises the demand of easing loads on switches for
faster switching.
 A faster communication is desirable by standardization using high speed
connecting and transmission devices and replace the present switches.

 Services like mail, file and information storage facilities are desirable for a
customized communication and creating common platform for Knowledge
base to facilitate institute wide customized services for information and
communication.
PROPOSAL FOR
IMPROVEMENTS IN NETWORK
Objective 1

To provide all connection type topology

between switches in order to order to make a
backbone network
Present setup

 The new building switch remains to have a single connection from the main switch
which keeps it vulnerable for loss connection in cases of breakdown of the connection
between the main switch and the new building

Proposed setup

 It is proposed to setup an all connected topology by introducing an additional

connection based on fiber optic between the switch stationed at the Resource Centre
and the new building.

Reasons for proposal

 The additional connection provides a backup connection at the new building as well as
a new route/path to any other switch in cases of breakdown /malfunction. 

Benefits of proposal

 This proposal aims at providing a backbone connection for the whole campus for
increasing the networks reliability ,accuracy and consistency
 TRADITIONAL NETWORK DIAGRAM
WAN

WO RK
NE T
CH
SWIT

ROUTER
WO RK
NET
CH
SWIT
RK
NETWO
SWITCH

E TWORK
N
CH
SWIT
 PROPOSED NETWORK DIAGRAM
WAN

W O RRKK
T O
NNEETWITCHH
C
SSWWIT

ROUTER
ORK
W
NET ITCH
SW
ORK
NETW
H
SWITC

WWO ORRKK
NNEETT TCCHH
WIT
SSW I
 Objective 2

To create sub networks within departments for

enhancing traffic flow within the department
and free the traffic loads going directly to the
main switch.
Present setup

 The workstation in each department connects to the nodes which connect direct to the
switches in their vicinity, thus for a intra-department communication all the
communication from various departments get accumulated and thus congestion is
created

Proposed setup

 It is proposed to setup a fiber optic layer 2 switch of store and forward type within
departments which is in turn connected to the nearest switch in the vicinity

Reasons for proposal

 The layer 2 switch only engages line between the start and end stations thus leaving
other lines free for communication

 The layer 2 switch is full duplex in operation .

 This isolates the department communication with that of the ongoing network
communication .
Benefits of proposal

• No change in hardware and software required in the connecting devices when

converting from a bus LAN / Hub Lan to a switch Lan.
• Lower traffic load on the network switch located in the vicinity with the help of the
layer 2 directing within department request.
• Better speeds and bandwidths are possible for communication.
• The main network switches doesn't need to serve each and every request for intra
departmental communication.
• Involvement of hardware that ensures that multiple switching paths inside the
switch can be active at the same time
 
 PRESENT NETWORK DIAGRAM

NODE1

NODE2

NODE3

DEPARTMENT
RK
NETWO
SWITCH
NODE4

NODE 5
 PROPOSED NETWORK DIAGRAM

NODE1

NODE2
DEPARTMENT

R2
LAYE
NODE3
RK
NETWO
SWITCH
NODE4
 Objective 3

Establishing Layer 3 switches with flow based

scheme in exchange of the present network
switches for optimizing the communication
across the network.
 Present setup

The present setup has switches across the campus that route communication to
various nodes and switches on the campus. The nodes communicate directly
with the switches for any type of communication.

 Proposed setup

It is proposed to setup a Fiber optic layer 3 switches of flow based schemes in

exchange of the network switches already present.

 Reason for proposal

The layer 3 switches can accommodate high loads of packet requests and
provide better speeds for IP-level processing and IP-forwarding.The fiber optic
technology also provides a add-on advantage of higher speed and throughput
 
Benefits for proposal
1.Request from several layer 2 switches can be handled efficiently
2.Layer 3 switches are at the local networks core forming a local backbone.
3.Hardware-based packet forwarding provides high and optimized performance
4.High-speed scalability, extension of network possible with addition of more
devices .
5.Low latency .
6.Flow accounting as well the Secure and reliable communication
7.Quality of service (QoS) for different users can be determined
 PROPOSED NETWORK DIAGRAM
WAN

AY ER3
L
CH
SWIT

ROUTER
AY ER3
L
CH
SWIT
3
LAYER
SWITCH

AYE R3
L
CH
SWIT
 Objective 4

Standardization of network technology and

equipments used as per IEEE standards
 Present setup

The present network setup only consists of switches and directly connected nodes
which are connected via cat 6 cables and multi-mode fiber optics that connect between
network switches at different location.

 Proposed setup
 Establish infrastructure for the network on the basis of Ethernet technology (IEEE

802.3)
 Switched Ethernet type with connection between layer 3 switches and layer 2
switch is proposed to be of 100 mbit/sec using fiber optic cable(62/125µm or
larger) in line with the 100Base SX standard
 The connection between various layer 2 switch and to the various workstations is

proposed to be of 10Mbit/sec using fiber optics(62.5/125µm) in line with the

10Base FL
 
Reason for proposal
The network shall conform to the international standards of IEEE 802.3 which
makes it reliable, secure, faster and give high performance . The fiber optic network
proposed shall provide high bandwidths with less lead times possible

Benefits of proposal
• Low attenuation and superior signal integrity
• Large Bandwidth, Light Weight, and Small Diameter
• Long, continuous lengths also provide advantages for installers and end-users.
• The transmitted signals in optical fiber cannot be remotely detected within the cable.
The only way to detect is by accessing the optical fiber itself requiring intervention
which is detectable by security surveillance .
• Fiber solutions are less costly than copper
 PROPOSED NETWORK DIAGRAM

3
LAYER

F
FL-O
SWITCH

ASE
F
SX-O

100 B
ASE

R2
100 B

L AYE
CH
SWIT
3
LAYER E SX
-OF
SWITCH 10 0 BA S
 Objective 5

To establish servers to facilitate different functions

of FTP , DHCP, E-mail .
 Present setup

The present setup in the campus doesn’t have any of the service providing servers for the
network.

Proposed setup

Physical setup

 FTP server

An FTP server is proposed to be setup at the resource centre for the purpose of creating a
knowledge base.

 2. Email server

The email server would help in providing institute-wide corporate email service for the
authorized organizational members, to facilitate e-mail communications in a secure,
fast and reliable way. The E-mail server is proposed to be established on the main
switch.  
 
DHCP server
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a protocol to retrieve IP address
assignments and other configuration information. The DHCP server is proposed to be
established on the main switch.

Logical setup

• In the Logic setup of the network it is proposed to follow IP addressing scheme to

identify different workstations and sub networks.
• The port to be configured for communication from client to server is 67/udp for
sending data to the server, and 68/udp for data to the client on the server.
• The port to be configured for FTP communications for connection purpose is TCP/IP
port 20 and for data connection the port used is TCP/IP port 21on the server.
• The default port used for SMTP/email server would be TCP/IP port 25 on the server .
Reasons for proposal:

1.DHCP SERVER helps in dynamic allocation of IP address and eliminating the need of
manual configuration.
2.Ftp server acts as a common platform for the entire organization containing a large
pool of knowledge base ,updates, public notices etc.

Benefits of proposal
• Corporate email service provides distinguished and customized services.
• The DHCP server automates configuration of each workstation on the network.
• The ftp server provides a secure location for the creation of a common knowledge
bank for the purpose of instant references.
 
 OVERALL PROPOSAL BENEFITS

 Conformance to International standards of IEEE 802.3 helps drive high

performance, reliability, accuracy, integrity & authenticity .

 High bandwidths can be achieved

 Higher through-puts are possible.

 The backbone network ensures backup for the communication in case of

malfunctioning.

 Different layer switches help in faster switching techniques and prioritize

communication.
 Public notice ,announcements etc can be done via ftp server where the
messages and important notices can be stored thereby elimination manual
notice making.

 Corporate email services with client side software can be configured keep
the members active during working hours. 
Proposed security measures
1. Installation of fire wall services at each work station /at servers .

2. Administrator controlled access to ftp server for filtering uploads

to the server and authorizing downloads .

3. Installation of web filter applications that filter as well as restrict

access to any unauthorized 3rd party material.
COMPLETE NETWORK
INFRASTRUCTURE
REQUIREMENTS
Switches
There are two type of fiber optic switches required i.e. Layer 3 switch of flow
based scheme and layer 2 switch of store and forward type. Thus the desired
quantity is as follows:

 Fiber 3 layer switches- 4 nos.

 Fiber 2 layer switches -10 nos ( 1 for each department)

Optical fiber cables
 The optical fiber cables required must be of multi-mode type and 62/125µm
diameter for 10BaseFL connections and for the 100BASESX connections it can
be of larger diameter.

 The lengths of the cable can be calculated by measuring the required distance.
Server Machines
 Server machines with high storage and processing capabilties is
required to cater to the needs of the E-mail services, FTP services and
DHCP services
Software requirements

 Server side operating systems

 Client side email service application

 Server side email service application

 FTP Client side application

 FTP Server side application

 Firewall software

 Anti- virus software for servers

 Web filter application for server

 Network and element management softwares for servers.

 Conclusion
 NIFT is a reputed organisation with several departments and vast
pool of resources which require to be utilised optimally.

 Our proposed network will overcome all the loopholes and

limitations of present communication facilities, thereby making the
entire , smooth and speedy.

 The network development process was very advantageous in

enhancing the subject concepts.
Bibliography
 Books

• Business Data Communication(4th edition) by William Stallings.

• Chapter 14(Lan Area Technology)

• Page No.: 367-397

 Business Data Communication by Behrouz

Fourouzwan
 Page No. : 199-215

 Lan Area Technology

Bibliography

 Websites

 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ieee802.3

 standards.ieee.org/getieee802/802.3.htm

 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fast-ethernet
Presented by

Ashish kumar (5)

Purnima(21)

Rajani kant gautam (22)